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AP Focus 12

Plants- Root, Stem, and Leaf Structure

QuestionAnswer
Boundry layer of protection with root hairs during the zone of maturation but they die with age so new hairs are constantly being formed for water absorption Root Epidermis
Outside the central vascular cylinder, this area stores starch and has air pcokets for aeration (cells need oxygen for cellular respiration) Cortex
Ring of cells that separate the cortex from the vascular cylinder that form a WATER-TIGHT SEAL so collected water won't seep out Endodermis
Water-tight seal Casparian strip
Inner cell mass containing pericycle that may branch out additional roots and xylem and phloem (note anatomical difference between spaced xylem and central pith in monocots and X shape of dicot xylem) Vascular cylinder/stele
Boundry layer of protection but this time WITH waxy cutin that forms the cutifcle to prevent water loss, some have stomatal cells (ex. Cactus), trigger hairs, or stinging cells Stem epidermis
Inner cell mass with xylem and phloem arranged around inner pith cells (note anatomical difference between spaced vascular bundles in monocots and candy corn shaped vascular bundles of dicots and many conifers Stem vascular cylinder
Protective layer with waxy cutin that forms the cuticle to prevent transpiration Leaf epidermis
Closely packed layer of parenchyma for photosynthesis that is usually at the top of the leaf but may also layer the bottom Palisade mesophyll
Spaced parenchyma for photosynthesis that allow air to pass (both CO2 for photosynthsis and 02 for cellular respiration) Spongy mesophyll
Special cells that form a gap in a leaf called the stomata (sing. Stoma) that allow gasses to pass into and out of the leaf and inadvertantly allow transpiration Guard cells
Xylem and phloem connection to the leaf. Bundle sheath cells surrounding the bundles prevent gasses from entering the vascular bundle and may be specialized to perform photosynthesis Vascular bundles
Created by: AliRutherford
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