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Chapter 5

Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
heterozygous describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait.
heredity the passing of traits from parent to offspring.
allele an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; may be dominant or recessive.
dominant describe a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.
genetic engineering biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of a gene's DNA to improve crop production, produce large volumes of medicine, and change how cells perform their normal functions.
genetics the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles.
genotype the genetic makeup of an organism.
homozygous describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait.
hybrid an offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent.
incomplete dominance production of a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous parents.
phenotype outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype.
polygenic inheritance occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height.
Punnett square a tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine.
recessive describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disapear
sex-linked gene an allele inherited on a sex chromosome and that can cause human genetic disorders such as color blindness and hemophilia.
Created by: raezergl
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