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res eco final practc
practice for the restoration ecology final exam at fleming college
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific point of view Recovery of impaired system Goals associated with ecological values | Ecological Values |
| Integrity, Health, Resistance & Resilience | Recovery of Impaired System |
| Recovery functiionality of landscape, recovery of endangered species, recover of ecosystme function | Goals associated with ecological values |
| Reconnect with nature, want to do something about enviromental crisis, personal transcendence | Personal Values |
| Ecosystems have value (air, water, food, raw materials) -all economies depend on ecosystems -resources and natural ecosystme services | Socioeconomic Values |
| Construction (wood), Consumption(food, medicine), Spiritual | Resources with socioeconomic values |
| -protect water recharge areas, detention offloodwaters, transformation of excess nutrients, immobolization of contaminants, provision of habitat for predators, climate regulation | Natural Ecosystem Services |
| -places of importance (sacred places), community involvement, biodiversity, education, research | Cultural Values |
| Removing mangroves can have an impact on | The shoreline |
| Restoring mangrove trees can reduce flood damage | Socioeconomic benefits of restoring a mangrove stand |
| Mangrove trees absorb much of the energy from the ___________. | Waterway |
| -Creation and use of a reference model -pit backfilled with overburden and covered with topsoil -nursery native grown trees -physical conditions must be proper for the plants otherwise plants will not survive and money spent on will be wasted | Stage one (Year one) of the Restoration Project at Dog Leg Branch |
| -planted trees begin to form a canopy -native herbs and shrubs begin to grow -nursery grown + transplanted plants used | Stage 2 (Year 7) of the Restoration Project at Dog Leg Branch |
| -Mature forest development -Self-sustaining (system is able to reproduce) -similar composition to archived photos -in an alternative state compared to the archived photos (more understory growth is present) | Stage 3 (Year 17) of the Restoration Project at Dog Leg Branch |
| -less healthcare costs, improved water quality, more productive people because of reduced illnesses | Economic benefit of restoring communal Savanna in South Africa |
| -insufficient goods/services (i.e. fuelwood for energy, herbs/medicines and plants, natural grazing lands) -unlikely to change (due to econmic vulnerability, socially/politically marginilized, with a strong dependence on natural resources) | A description of poverty in South Africa |
| -degraded water quality (erosion/sedimentation) -reduced soil quality -rivers provide water for rural communities, conservation and reserve areas -there are conflicting needs and economic consequences to sharing water | Previous river condition in South Africa (near Kruger national park) |
| What is ARISE? | Africa's Rural Initiatives for Sustainable Environment |
| What is RNC? | Restoration of Natural Capital |
| What is meant by the term "capital"? | Original pool of resources |
| -Restoration of natural capital (a.k.a. ecosystem goods and services) -soil restoration; carbon sequestration; water flow regulation; water purification | Economic goals of restoration |
| Who benefits from the increase in economic value of the ecosystem? | Citizens of the area in South Africa (Rural people, broader public and the conservation community) |
| What economic incentive does the restoration project have? | Provides an alternative income |
| Why is the local community empowered to do this work? | Participating in the economy will benefit the country |
| What value will restoring the ecosystem in South Africa have for the people? | A functioning system provides the people with the resources they need |
| Government considered restoration an investment in 650 peoples, employees, local unemployed people. Trained, educated people in management. Paid peoeple monthly - at $6 a day, which is 5x higher than income prior to project | The implementation of the restoration plan in South Africa. |
| A quick or immediate stressor | Acute stressor |
| An incremental or long term stressor | Chronic stressor |
| Practice of assisting in the recovery of an impaired system. | Ecological restoration |
| Process of assisting recovery of an impaired system. | Restoration |
| Loss of specialized species and related or actual gains in generalist species. Colonization by invasive species. Simplification of community structure Reduction in microclimate control Changes in the frequency of distribution of plant life forms | first 5 of 8 indicators of impairment |
| Loss of beneficial soil properties. Reduction in capacity for mineral nutrient retention. Reduction in capacity to regulate the moisture regime. | last 3 of 8 indicators of impairment |
| Restoration is accomplished through | manipulation of biota manipulation of physical environment Goal to recover or accelerate recovery |
| Composition, structure, function, self-organization and self-sustainable are components of what | parts of a desired system |
| Personal, ecological, cultural, socioeconomics are what | values of ecological restoration |
| At what stage of the ecological restoration project are the values addressed? | during the planning stage |
| A real or conceptual ecosystem Restored system is intended to empulate the reference Represents the historic trajectory of the system to be restored | Reference system |
| Auto-reference Composite reference Current or past not a future system | A real or conceptual ecosystem |
| Enviromental conditions, random events and ecosystem processes (dynamic systems) | Influences of trajectory |
| Climate change, changes in water level, landuse, urbanization, etc | Variables that ust be taken into consideration with a reference system |
| Environmental conditions remain stable Impairment was modest and corrected rapidly without need for physical interventions Species diversity is normally low because of extreme environmental conditions | Three Possibilities for restoring to a prior state |
| Species composition sufficient to develop appropriate community structure Absence of invasive, non native species Presence of all functional species groups or ability for these groups to appear on their own Suitable physical environment to support biot | Ecological attributes of a restored system |
| Integration with surrounding landscape in terms of flow and exchange of organisms, materials and energy Absence of external threats from the landscape to the integrity and health of the system Resistant and resiliant Self-organizing and self-sustaining | Ecological attributes for a restored system |
| ER may be a part of EM Need for restoration identified by EM ER repairs the system EM keeps it working Cultural systems require more EM involvement Many alternative states in a cultural system | Ecological restoration (ER) vs ecosystem management (EM) |
| Exception-practices leading to degredation or intense management of production systems ie. farming | The exception to the ER vs EM |
| Manipulate ecosystem to maintain system functioning Detect degredation and need for ER | Ecosystem Management |
| Manipulate ecosystem to initiate/accelerte changes in an ecosystem | Ecological Restoration |
Created by:
Karubin
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