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Biology Vocab 26-32
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| structural support located inside the body of an animal | endoskeleton |
| tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertabrates | exoskeleton |
| layers of circular and longitudinal muscles, together with the water in the gastrovascular cavity, that enable movement | hydrostatic skeleton |
| animal whose mouth is formed from it's blastopore | protostome |
| animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore of a blastula | deuterostome |
| a coelom, body cavity | acoelom |
| body cavity between the endoderm and mesoderm tissues that is partially lined with mesoderm tissue | pseudocoelom |
| fluid-filled body cavity lined with mesoderm | coelom |
| process in which food is digested inside cells | intracellular digestion |
| process in which food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive tract | extracellular digestion |
| digestive chamber with a single opening, in which cnidarians, flatworms, and echinoderms digest food | gastrovascular cavity |
| in earthworms, part of the digestive system in which food can be stored; in birds, stucture at the lower end of the esophagus in which food is stored and moistened | crop |
| in earthworms, part of DS in which food is ground into smaller pieces; birds, muscular organ that helps in mechanical breakdown of food | gizzard |
| one of many branching, air-filled tubes that extend throughout the bodies of many terrestrial arthhropods | tracheal tubes |
| small opening located along the side of the body through which air enters and leaves the body of many terrestrial arthropods | spiracles |
| organ that has layers of respiratory tissure stacked like the pages of a book; used by some terrestrial arthropods to exchange gasses | book lungs |
| thin layer of tissue that covers most of a mollusks body | mantle cavity |
| body plan in which body parts repeat around the center of the body; characteristic of sea anemones and sea stars | radial symmetry |
| body plan in which only a single, imaginary line can divide the body into two equal halves; characteristic of worms, arthropods, and chordates | bilateral symmetry |
| innermost germ layer of most animals; develops into the linings of the digestive tract and much of the respiratory system | endoderm |
| middle germ layer of most animals; gives rise to muscles and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems | mesoderm |
| outermost germ layer of most animals; gives rise to outer layer of the skin, sense organs, and herves | ectoderm |
| system in which blood is not always contained within a network of blood vessels | open circulatory system |
| system in which blood is contained within a network of blood vessels | closed circulatory system |
| loosely organized network of nerve cells that together allow cnidarians to detect stimuli | nerve net |
| group of nerve cells | ganglion |
| specialized cell that filters and removes excess water from the body of a flatworm | flame cell |
| excretory organ of an annelid that filters fluid in the coelom | nephridium |
| saclike organ in most terrestrial arthropods that extracts wastes from the blood and adds them to feces that move through the gut | malpighian tubes |
| motile stage of the life cycle of a cnidarian that has a bell-shaped body | medusa |
| hollow ball of cells formed when a zygote undergoes a series of divisions | blastula |
| toung-shaped structure used for feeding by snails and slugs | radula |
| concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body | cephalization |
| region of a crustacean formed by the fusion of the head with the thorax | cephalothorax |
| usually sessile stage of the life cycle of a cnadarian that has a cylindrical body with armlike tentacles | polyp |
| animal that has, for at least some stage of it's life, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a muscular tail | chordate |
| long supporting rod that runs through a chordates body just below the nerve cord | notochord |
| large muscular upper chamber of the heart that recieves and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle | atrium |
| one of a pair of structures in the throat region of a chordate | pharyngeal pouch |
| a muscular cavity at the end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes, urine, and eggs of sperm leave the body | cloaca |
| term used to refer to animals whose eggs hatch outside the mother's body | oviparous |
| gland in mammals that produces milk to nourish the young | mammary gland |
| egg composed of shell and membranees that create a protected environment in which the embryo can develop out of the water | amniotic egg |
| term used to refer to animals that bear live young that are nourished directly by the mother's body as they develop | viviparous |
| term used to refer to animals whose young are born alive after developing in eggs inside the mother's body | ovoviparous |
| thickwalled lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart | ventricle |
| movable transparent membrane in amphibians located inside the regular eyelid; protects the surface of the eye from damage underwater and keeps it moist on land | nictitating membrane |
| animal that generates its own body heat and controls its body temperature from within | endotherm |
| animal that relies on interactions with the environment to help it control body temperature | ectotherm |
| eardrum of amphibians inside the skull; vibrates in response to sound, allowing hearing | tympanic membrane |
| one of several sacs attatched to a birds lungs into which air moves when a bird inhales; allows for the one-way flow of air through the respiratory system | air sac |
| large, flat muschle at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts during breathing, pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down and increasing its bolume | diaphragm |
| egg-laying mammal | monotreme |
| mammal which bears live young that complete their development in an external puch | marsupial |
| term used to refer to two-footed locomotion | bipedal |
| organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother | placenta |
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laurensewell6
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