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Solar System
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ptolemy | proposed a theory that planets orbited the earth (geocentric). |
| Copernicus | changed the theory to planets orbiting the sun (heliocentric). |
| Kepler | proved that the planets orbited in ellipses counterclockwise and not complete circles. |
| Newton | explained planet motion as a result of inertia and gravity. Gravity keeps them close to the sun and inertia keeps them moving. |
| Rotation | the time it takes a planet to make a complete circle on its own axis(Equal to one day on that planet) |
| Revolution | the time it takes a planet to circle the sun completely(equal to one year on that planet) |
| Planet | must be round, orbit the sun and dominate its own orbit clearing the immediate region of smaller objects. |
| Mercury (day/year,temp) | Revolution= 88 days. Rotation = 59 days 427°C to –170°C |
| Mercury | rocky, almost no atmosphere, no weather,, moves around the sun faster than all other planets. Surface is heavily cratered. Once had volcanoes and are now dormant. |
| Venus (day/year) | Day = 243 earth days. Year = 225 earth days Retrograde rotation, clockwise |
| Venus | Earth’s sister planet. Atmosphere is 96% carbon dioxide, Runaway Greenhouse Effect makes it the hottest planet, thick cloud layer Winds 350 km/hr. Deep canyons, vast plains, heavily cratered, goes through resurfacing by volcanoes |
| Earth | 4 parts: Hydrosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere and Atmosphere Cycles: Nitrogen Cycle (builds proteins), Carbon Cycle (carbon dioxide/oxygen cycle), Phosphorus Cycle (part of molecules used to build cells), Water Cycle |
| Earth's Satellite (Moon) | diameter is ¼ the size of Earth’s. dry, airless, and barren. 100°C to –175°C. dark areas (plains) called Maria and light areas called highlands largest crater is called Copernicus. Evidence of having volcanoes once |
| Mars (day/year) | Revolution = 687 days, Rotation = 24. 37 hours |
| Mars | Red in color ,two tiny satellites Phobos and Deimos, Has an enormous dormant volcano named Olympus Mons, Windstorms that are up to 200 km/hr,liquid water did exist in past |
| Asteroid belt | located between Mars and Jupiter/ |
| Meteoroid | chunk of metal/stone that orbits the sun.(millions enter our atmosphere daily) |
| Meteor | streak of light that is produced by a burning meteoroid. |
| Meteorite | a meteor that strikes the Earth’s surface. |
| Ceres | another dwarf planet orbits in the asteroid belt |
| Jupiter(day/year) | Revolution: 12 years, Rotation: 9.5 hours |
| Jupiter | Atmosphere 92% hydrogen and helium Belts – low, dark colored clouds. Zones – high, lightly colored clouds. Red Spot is a hurricane lasting 300+ years, has lightning and thunder. 63 + satellites |
| Saturn(day/year) | Revolution = 29.5 years, Rotation 10.3 hours |
| Saturn | made mostly of hydrogen and helium with an iron core, has ammonia ice near top of its clouds. 47+ known satellites complex and extensive rings made of ice and dust |
| Uranus (day/year) | Revolution = 88 years, Rotation 17 hours |
| Uranus | mostly H and He, blue/green in color due to methane. Has 24 satellites and 11 rings. Because it’s parallel to its orbital plane, it’s tilted on its side; each pole spends 44 yrs in darkness and 44 yrs in sunlight. |
| Neptune (day/year) | Revolution = 164 years, Rotation 16 hours |
| Neptune | darker blue color than uranus. Considered the twin giants. Has clouds and belts. Has a great dark spot like Jupiter that comes and goes… retrograde rotation. Windiest planet 1,000 km/hr 13 satellites, 6 rings, H, He, Methane |
| Kuiper Belt Objects | Many dwarf planets (Quaoar, Eris, Sedna) |
| Exoplanets | planets that orbit other stars,Cannot be directly observed due to distance, only detected because their gravity tugs on stars they orbit and detected by a Doppler shift |
| Nebular Hypothesis | Sun and planets condensed out of a cloud of gas and dust called a solar nebula 5 billion years ago the clouds gravity increased, temperatures soared to 1 million Celsius and the sun was formed The sun contains 99% of the matter contained in nebula |
| Planetesimals | small bodies from which a planet originates |
| Planet Formation | The sun formed first with the planets in its outer regions Planetesimals formed planetesimals collided together and formed protoplanets The gravity of these attracted more of them and eventually their masses grew to be planet and satellites |
Created by:
elarocco
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