Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Endocrine
BC3 - Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anterior Pituitary Secretes | growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adenocorticotropic hormone, Prolactin, Gonadotropic hormones |
| Counter regulatory Hormone | Growth Hormone |
| Too Much GH causes | giantism |
| Too little GH | they need some additional hormones |
| Posterior Pituitary secretes | Vasopressin or ADH |
| ADH is | a potent vasoconstrictor |
| When ADH is released | water is retained |
| ADH is inhibited by | increase in fluid volume, hypothermia, B-adrenergic agonists and alcohol |
| Thyroid gland produces | Calcitonin to inhibit high circulating calcium (increases Ca storage in the bones) |
| What is the main purpose of the thyroid gland | to produce, store & release Thyroxine T4 and T3 |
| Calcitonin | takes calcium out of the blood and puts it back into bone (BUILDS BONES UP) |
| The parathyroid gland secretes | Parathormone (PTH) |
| PTH | pulls calcium out of bone and into the blood (BREAKS BONE DOWN) |
| PTH and Calcitonin | are opposites of each other |
| PTH | acts on bone, kidneys & indirectly the GI tract; inhibits bone formation |
| High levels of Vitamin D | inhibit PTH |
| Low levels of Magnesiuim | stimulate PTH |
| Decreased calcium causes | tetany |
| Hyperparathyroidism occurs as we age which means | osteoporosis occurs |
| Cortisol | most potent and abundant glucocorticoid |
| Cortisol facilitates the | breakdown of glycogen (inc. blood glucose levels) |
| Cortisol also has what type of action | anti-inflammatory |
| Aldosterone acts on the renal tubule to | keep sodium and excrete potassium and hydrogen ions |
| What happens to the endocrine system as we age | increase in PTH leads to hypothyroidism |
| Tx of Hypothyroidism | synthroid |
| Exophthalmos | protrusion of the eyeballs from the orbits |
| Myxedema | puffiness, periorbital edema, masklike affect |
| Goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| Acromegaly | occurs in adulthood - growth hormone excess |
| Tx of acromegaly | Hypophysectomy is tx of choice; radiation tx is secondary tx method; drugs to reduce growth hormone levels |
| Specific post-op care of hypophysectomy | Instruct to avoid coughing,sneezing, or straining with BM; elevate HOB 30 degrees; perform mouth care; discourage toothbrushing for 10 days |
| Hypofunction of the pituitary results from | tumors, autoimmune disorders, infections, vascular disease or destruction of the gland (trauma , radiation, surgical procedures) |
| Symptoms of hypofunction of pituitary | failure to grow, infertility, or amenorrhea |
| SIADH | occurs from overproduction of ADH; occurs more frequently in the elderly (retain fluid) |
| S/S SIADH | fluid retention, hypoosmolality, dilutional hyponatremia, hypochloremia, concentrated urine, normal or inc intravascular volume, normal renal function (BLOOD WOULD BE DILUTED) |
| SIADH patient has | low urinary output, inc body weight w/o edema, lethargy, anorexia, confusion, HA, seizures, coma |
| TX of SIADH | RESTRICT FLUIDS, suck on ice chips/candy; diet supplements of Na & K, diureetics |
| Diabetes Insipidus is the opposite of | SIADH |
| Diabetes insipidus is the caus of | reduced ADH (causing inc urinary output) |
| S/S of Diabetes Insipidus | Polydipsia & Polyuria, low specific gravity, fatigue from nocturia |
| Hyperthyroidism is caused by | increased synthesis and release of thyroid hormone |
| Thyrotoxicosis refers to | physical effects of hypemetabolism r/t over secretion of T3 & T4; usually occur together in Graves Disease |
| Graves Disease | Autoimmune disease (body attacks self); diffuse thyroid enlargement & excessive secretion; They are thin (hyperthyroidism) |
| Tx of Exophthalmos"Bug Eyes" | apply artificial tears, restrict salt intake, elevate HOB, wear dark glasses, eyes may be lightly taped for sleep, exercise intraocular muscles |
| Hyperthyroidism | Increased metabolism, Everything racing: ^ HR, ^ GI, ^ nervous - jittery. They are thin |
| Thyrotoxic Crisis is also called | Thyroid Storm |
| Thyrotoxic Crisis is a life threatening condition caused by | stressors: surgery, infection, trauma |
| Tx of Thyroid Storm | must reduce circulating thyroid hormone; reduce fever, fluid replacement, and eliminate stressors |
| Dx of thyroid issues | Radioactive iodine uptake tests and blood tests for TSH, T3 & T4 |
| Tx of hyperthyroidism is based on | age, severity, complicating features, patient preference |
| Tx of hyperthyroidism | Antithyroid medications, B-adrenergic receptor blockers, thyroid ablation, subtotal thyroidectomy |
| What drugs inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormones | PTU, Tapazole |
| What drugs are B-adrenergic blockers | inderol & atenolol |
| What does iodine do | quiets the thyroid gland down and treats crisis by inhibiting T3 & T4 |
| Radioactive Iodine Therapy is done when | patient is beyond childbearing years |
| Acute intervention for hyperthyroidism | calm, quiet room; adequate rest, cool room, light bed covers, exercise large muscle groups to decrease tremors, restrict visitors |
| After thyroid surgery | prepare room wit O2, suction, trach tray; teach how to support head; assess for hemorrhage; semi-fowlers; check for signs of tetany |
| After thyroid surgery, patient should avoid foods high in | iodine |
| What foods are high in iodine | red food dye, iodate in flour, public drinking sources, kelp tablets (seaweed), milk treated with iodine |
| When patient's return home | they should reduce stress; follow-up is important; avoid high temperature; normal use od iodized salt is ok |
| Thyroid nodules | a palpable deformity of the thyroid gland; can be benign or malignant |
| If the radiology evaluation of a thyroid nodule s hot it is | benign |
| If the radiology evaluation of the thyroid nodule is cold it is | higher risk of cancer |
| Tx of thyroid nodule | surgical removal |
| Thyroiditis | inflammation by bacteria, virus or fungus |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | autoimmune disorder; most common type in US |
| Hyperparathyroidism | "brittle bones & kidney stones" |
| Hypothyroidism in infancy | cretinism- they have a thick protruding tongue, short - limited all their lives |
| Hypothyroidism in adults | Insidious - middle to old age - comes on slowly - they are cold |
| S/S of hypothyroidism | fatigue, lethargy, personality changes, impaired memory, slowed speech, decreased initiative, somnolence, cold, hair loss, dry skin, brittle nails, wt gain |
| Tx of hypothyroidism | take thyroid replacement like synthroid; must be taken throughout the rest of ones life |
| Hypoparathyroidism | rare - can happen if thyroid gland is removed |
| Tx of hypoparathyroidism | Administer IV Calcium slowly to avoid hypotension; tetany can occur because of dec Ca levels; patient needs instruction on long term drug therapy and nutrition |
| Long-term Tx of hypoparathyroidism | Vitamin D, supplement calcium, oral phosphate binders |
| Cushing's Syndrome is caused by | excessive corticosteroids |
| Clinical Manifestations of Cushing's | Weight gain, glucose intolerance, protein wasting, mood disturbances, Acne, HBP, Hirsuitism, Truncal obesity, Moon face, unxplained hypokalemia, Purplish striae |
| Diagnostic Findings of Cushing's | Granulocytosis, Lymphocytopenis, Eosinopenia, Hyperglycemia, Glycosuria, Hypercalciuria, Osteoporosis |
| Tx of Cushing's | Hypophysectomy (pituitary); Adrenalectomy (adrenal tumors); Drygs to suppress Cortisol |
| Nursing Mgmt of Cushing's | Monitor f/e |
| Pre-operative care of Cushing's | Hypokalemia is corrected with diet & K supplements, Manage ^BP |
| Post-operative care of Cushing's | Constant assessment for glucocorticoid imbalance; Maintain bedrest until BP stabilizes; Constant vigilance to prevent infection; Risk for hemorrhage; f/e; keep IV line in place |
| Addison's Syndrome | Hypofunction of Adrenal Cortex - DECREASED secretion; most common cause is autoimmune |
| S/S of Addison's | Weakness/fatigue, Wt. loss/anorexia, loss of hair; "tan", low BP, Low Na but high K; N/V/D |
| Subjective Assessment of Addison's | cramping/abd pain; exhaustion; profound weakness; lack of interest; inablility to tolerate stress |
| Complications of Addison's | Low BP, Shock, Circulatory Collapse, Dehydration, Low Na, High K, Hypoglycemia, Fever, Weakness, Confusion |
| Care of Addison's | Replacement of Glucocorticoids; IV hydrocortisone; Administer Na, fluids, and dextrose; may need reverse isolation |
| Teaching Plan for Addison's | Take Glucocorticoids 2/3 in am - 1/3 in afternoon; Carry emergency kit at all times |
| Complications of Corticosteroids | Hypertension, Slow healing, Inhibits antibody response to healing |
Created by:
okrecota
Popular Nursing sets