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Alyssa Chapter 6
Earthquakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a large section of Earth's crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere | plate |
| surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limit and break | fault |
| vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault | earthquake |
| break in rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the rock below the fault surface | normal fault |
| break in rock caused by compressive forces, where rock above the fault surface move upward relative to rock below the fault surface | reverse fault |
| break in rock caused by shear forces where rocks move past each other without much vertical movement | strike-slip fault |
| rhythmic movement that caries energy through matter and space | wave |
| wave generated by an earthquake | seismic wave |
| in an earthquake, the point below earth's surface where energy is released in the form of seismic waves | focus |
| seismic wave that moves rock particles back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels | primary wave |
| seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave | secondary wave |
| seismic wave that moves rock particles up-and-down in a backward rolling motion and side-to-side in a swaying motion | surface wave |
| point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus | epicenter |
| instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived | seismograph |
| the highest point of a wave | crest |
| measure of the energy released during and earthquake | magnitude |
| occurs when wet soil acts more like a liquid during an earthquake | liquefaction |
| seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore | tsunami |