Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Renal
BC3 - Renal Diseases Adult 1 Mr justice (Wendy)(Andrea)(TOnya)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glomerulonephritis | characterized by immunological responses (causes autoimmune destruction of glomerulus)- AFFECTS BOTH KIDNEYS EQUALLY! |
| Clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis | Hematuria, ^WBC, ^RBC, ^Casts, Proteinuria, ^BUN, ^Creatinine |
| Other precipitating factors of glomerular problems | multisystem illness like lupus and scleroderma |
| Acute glomerulonephritis can be caused by | a strep infection (primarily in children & young adults); follows a strep infection |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis is from | end stage glomerular disease |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis progresses toward | renal disease slowly |
| How is glomerulonephritis diagnosed | CT, US, U/A and blood studies |
| Treatment of acute glomerulonephritis | with antibiotics & treat what is initially triggering the infection |
| Tx of Chronic glomerulonephritis | Supportive tx: control HTN & UTI's, Restrictive diet for protein & phosphate |
| Why can renal patients have cardiac issues | because K is not being excreted in uring causing hyperkalemia - which leads to cardiac problems |
| Nephrosclerosis | atherosclerotic changes associated with age; sclerosis of the small arteries & artrioles of the kidneys. Decreased blood flow. |
| Nephrosclerosis is r/t | vascular changes including HTN, atherosclerotic process and benign nephrosclerosis |
| S/S of Benign Nephrosclerosis | Possibly HTN is ony symptom |
| Pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal parenchyma and collecting system |
| Causes of pyelonephritis | bacterial infection, but fungi, protozoa or viruses sometimes infect the kidney |
| S/S of acute pyelonephritis | mild fatigue, chills, fever, vomiting, malaise, flank pain, bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms characteristic of cystitis |
| Dx of pyelonephritis | U/A shows pyuria, bacteriuria and varying degrees of hematuria; WBC casts |
| Urosepsis | systemic infection arising from a urologic source |
| Tx of acute pyelonephritis | antibiotics |
| Chronic pyelonephritis | a kidney that has become shrunken and has lost function owing to scarring or fibrosis from recurring infections |
| Dx of chronic pyelonephritis | radiologic imagining-IVP, CT scan |
| Urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| Causes of Urethritis | bacterial or viral infection - sexually transmitted |
| Interstitial cystitis | chronic, painful inflammatory disease of the bladder |
| Probable contributing factors of IC | chronic inflammation with mast cell invasion of the bladder wall, |
| Clinical manifestations of IC | painful and bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms |
| Dx of IC | exclusion |
| Nephrotic syndrome | a clinical course that can be associated with a number of disease conditions |
| Causes of nephrotic syndrome | Primary Glomerular Disease; Multisystem Disease (Lupus, DM); Infections; Neoplasms; Allergens; Drugs |
| S/S of nephrotic syndrome | peripheral edema, massive proteinuria, hyperlipidemia and hypoalbuminemia |
| Tx of nephrotic syndrome | symptomatic; goal is to relieve edema and cure or control the primary disease |
| Dieit Mgmt of nephrotic syndrome | maintain a low - moderate protein diet that is low in sodium |
| Two types of impaired renal perfusion | Renal artery stenosis & Renal Vein Thrombosis |
| S/S of Renal Artery Stenosis | Abrupt onset of HTN |
| Dx of Renal Artery Stenosis | Renal arteriogram most definitive test |
| Tx of Renal Artery Stenosis | Surgical intervention: Anastamosis (like bypass) vs nephrectomy |
| Causes of Renal Vein Thrombosis | (can be uni- or bi-lateral) Trauma, Tumor, Aneurysm, CA, Pregnancy, Nephrotic Syndrome |
| Assessment factors of Thrombosis | Hematuria, Flank Pain, Fever, Nephrotic Syndrome |
| Tx of Thrombosis | Anticoagulant therapy, Thrombectomy |
| Renal Vein Thrombosis patients are at risk for | PE, so monitor for rerspiratory distress - chest pain, change in LOCneuro, HA, CVA, MI, |
| nephrolithiasis | kidney stone disease |
| S/S of renal calculi | severe abd or flank pain, hematuria and dysuria |
| Dx of renal calculi | KUB (Kidney, Ureter & Bladder study), Flat plate of abd, CT of abd & pelvis, US, IVP, U/A, urine culture |
| Tx of renal calculi | Endourologic, Lithotripsy, Surgery |
| Nursing considerations r/t tx of renal calculi | Monitor I&O and monitor fo hemorrhage |
| Therapeutic tx of calcium oxalate stones | increaase hydration, monitor intake of calcium and oxalate |
| Therapeutic tx of calcium phosphate stones | treat underlying causes and other stones |
| Therapeutic tx of struvite stones | Antibiotics r/t infection, increase fluid, possible removal |
| Therapeutic tx of Uric acid stones | Monitor dietary intake of purines, increase fluids |
| Therapeutic tx of cystine stones | increase fluids |
| Foods high in Purines | Sardines, herring, mussels, liver, kidney, goose, venison, meat soups, sweetbreads |
| Foods moderate in Purines | chicken, salmon, crab, veal, mutton, bacon, pork, beef, ham |
| Foods high in calcium | milk, cheese, ice cream, yogurt, sauces containing milk, all beans (except green beans), lentils; fish with fine bones; dried fruits, nuts; chocolate, cocoa, Ovaltine |
| Foods high in Oxalate | spinach, rhubarb, asparagus, cabbage, tomatoes, beets, nuts, celery, parsley, runner beans; chocolate, cocoa, instant coffee, Ovaltine, tea; worchestershire sauce |
| Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) | requires dye injection, iodine allergy, monitor urine output post procedure, Check BUN/Creatinine prior to test |
| Cystoscopic Lithotripsy | removal from the bladder |
| Uretoscope | removal from the ureter & renal pelvis |
| Lithotripsy | Ultrasonic therapy to break up, crush or pulverize; may need to be suctioned after removal, may be irrigated, invasive & non-invasive |
| Ureteral Stricture | usually surgical and adhesion related |
| Urethral Stricture | caused by infection, congenital, trauma, and fibrosis |
| S/S of ureteral stricture | pain; risk for kidney impairmnt |
| S/S of uretheral stricture | spraying, incomplete emptying, decreased stream, nocturia, frequency |
| Hypospadius | urethra opens on the underside of the penis |
| Epispadius | Urethra open on the dorsal side of the penis |
| Hydronephrosis | Dilitation of renal pelvis & calyces caused by chronic pyelonephritis & renal atrophy |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease | Hereditary, affects both kidneys; kidney cortex & medulla are filled with thin-walled cysts |
| Urinary Incontinence | an uncontrolled loss of urine that is of sufficient magnitude to be a problem |
| Urinary Retention | the inability to empty the bladder despite micturition or the accumulation of urine in th bladder because of an inability to urinate. |
| Tx of urinary retention | Bethanecol (Urecholine); catheterization |
| Tx of incontinence | Kegel exercises |
| Tx of Neural control | medication and surgical sphincterotomy |
| Overactive bladder | urge incontinence |
| Tx of overactive bladder | medications and voiding patterns |
| Stress Incontinence | sudden increase in intraabdominal pressure causes involuntary passage of urine. It can occur during coughing, heavy lifting, straining or laughing |
| Causes of stress incontinence | most common in women with relaxed pelvic musculature |
| Tx of stress incontinence | Kegel exercises, wt loss, |
| Urge incontinence | Condition occurs randomly when involuntary urination is preceded by warning of few seconds to few minutes; leakage is periodic but frequent; Nocturnal frequency & incontinence are common |
| Causes of urge incontinence | uncontrolled contraction or overactivity of detrusor muscle |
| Tx of urge incontinence | tx of underlying causes, have pt urinate more frequently or on time schedule, anticholinergic drugs |
| Overflow Incontinence (Retention) | occurs when pressure of urin in overfull bladder overcomes sphincter control. Leakage of sm. amts of urine is frequent throughout the day & nighht |
| Tx of overflow incontinence | urinary catherization and Urecholine |
| Reflex Incontinence | occurs when no warning or stress precedes periodic involuntary urination. |
| Causes of reflex incontinence | neural control |
| Tx of reflex incontinence | meds and surgical sphincterotomy |
| Incontinence after trauma or surgery | fistula formation, post-op complication |
| Functional incontinence | loss of urine resulting from problems of patient mobility or environmental factors |
| Causes of functional incontinence | Elderly often have problems that affect balance and mobility |
| Tx of functiional incontinence | Modifications of environment |
| Assistive tools for incontinence | Voiding diary, health history, PVR (bladder scan & straight cath), Bladder training program |
| What happens to a patient who has a neurogenic bladder and they cannot self cath | they can go into hypertensive crisis and then cardiac arrest |
Created by:
okrecota
Popular Nursing sets