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BiologyUnit 5
GEHS-BoydUnit5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are 3 parts of cell theory? | All living things are made of cells, Cells are basic unit of structure an function, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. |
| Cell membrane | The outer boundary of a cell. |
| Cytoplasm | Cell fluid and structure. |
| DNA | Genetic Information |
| Ribosome | Cell structure where proteins are made. Synthesizes proteins (workers) |
| Organelles | Cell structure |
| Cell Wall | Supports and protects cells. |
| Vacuole | Stores water, food and enzymes |
| Nucleus | Controlls all cell activity |
| Nucleolus | Organelle where ribosomes are produced |
| Mitochondria | Provides energy for the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | Processes, packages and ships protein. |
| Lysosome | Digest molecules and old organelles. |
| Plasma membrane | Semi-permeable. Controls what enters and exits the cell. Made of proteins and lipids. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Transport system within the cell. |
| Robert Hooke | English Scientist. Used microscope, examined pieces of cork. |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Dutch Lensmaker. Improved modern day microscope |
| Matthias Schleiden | German scientist. Concluded that all plants are made of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | German scientist. Concluded that all animals are made up of cells. |
| Rudolf Virchow | German physician. Concluded that cells come from pre-existing cells. |
| Rough ER | Has ribosomes. Is located near the nucleus. |
| Smooth ER | Does not have ribosomes and makes lipids and breaks down toxins. |
| Chloroplast | Produces energy and is only located in a plant cell. |
| Homeostasis | Regulations of an organisms internal environment to maintain conditions for life. |
| Plasma Membrane | is composed mainly of phospholipid bilayer, it does not dissolve in water, allows some substance to pass, attracts substances that are low in concentration. |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | continuous movement of molecules with no overall change in concentration. |
| Dialysis | diffusion of solutes through a membrane |
| Osmosis | diffusion of WATER molecules through a membrane. |
| Concentration Gradient | difference of concentration of a substance across a space. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | movement of a substance across the cell membrane using carrier proteins. |
| Prokaryotic Cells contain? | Ribosomes, Plasma membrane, DNA, Cytoplasm, Cell Wall, Capsule. |
| Eukaryotic Cells contain? | Ribosomes,plasma membrane, DNA, nucleus, organelles, Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum. |
| What is the difference in a plant and animal cell? | Plant cells have cell wall, chloroplast. Animal Cells have Lysosomes, Centrosomes. |
| Cytolysis | the bursting of a cell caused by excess water moving into the cell |
| Plasmolysis | the shrinking of cell caused by the loss of water. |
| Turgor Pressure | pressure exerted by partially elastic wall of a plant against the pressurized protoplast created by water moving into the cell. |
| Exocytosis | process in which a vesicle inside a cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the external environment. |
| Phagocytosis | movement of large particles of solid food or whole cells into the cell. |
| Endocytosis | process which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment |
| Vesicle | membrane bound sac in a cell that contains material formed as a result of exocytosis and endocytosis. |
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