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ch. 6 vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
a large section of earths crust and rigid upper mantle that moves anound the asthenosphere | plate |
surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limit and break | fault |
instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived | seismograph |
Break in rock caused by compressive forces where rock above the fault surface moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface | Reverse fault |
Vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault | Earthquake |
break in rock caused by shear forces, where rocks move past each other without much vertical movement | Strike-slip fault |
break in the rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the rock below the fault surface | normal fault |
Rythmic movement that carries energy through matter and space | wave |
wave generated by an earthquake | seismic wave |
seismic wave that moves rock particles up and down in a backwards rolling motion and side to side in a swaying motion | surface wave |
In an earthquake, the point below earth's surface where energy is released in the form of seismic waves | focus |
point on earths surface directly above an earthquakes focus | epicenter |
Seismic wave that moves rock particles back and forth in the same direction the wave travels | primary wave |
seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave | secondary wave |
the highest point of a wave | crest |
measure of the energy released during an earthquake | Magnitude |
occurs when wet soil acts like liquid during an earthquake | Liquefaction |
seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake's focus and can be highly desructive when it crashes on shore | tsunami |