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A&P lec
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| blood brain barrier | brain's mechanism to control components of lfuid |
| ventricles | cavities that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
| 4 regions of a spinal cord | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral |
| horns of the spinal cord that consist of gray matter | dorsal, lateral, ventral |
| dorsal root | formed by sensory (afferent) fibers from peripheral receptors |
| dorsal root ganglion | formed by cell vodies of sensory fibers |
| ventral root | house axons of somatic motor neurons and sympathetic motor nerves to visceral organs |
| spinal nerves | formed through the union of the dorsal and ventral roots |
| white matter consists of | dorsal fonicalus, lateral, ventrical |
| ascending tracts of white matter | carry sensory infor concerning touch pressure temp pain. info from proprioceptors monitor stretch |
| descending tracts of white matter | carry moto impulses from brain to spinal cord |
| vesicles of the brain | telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon |
| cranial nerves | olfactor, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear(auditory) glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal |
| myelencephalon is composed of what and has what cranial nerves | composed of medulla oblongata. 4 cn are glosspharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal |
| medulla is the what and contain sneclei that control what reflexes | control center; coughing, sneezing, hiccuping, vomiting, sweating, swallowing |
| cardiac center | affects autonomic control of heart rate |
| vasomotor center | affects sympathetic control of vasoconstriction |
| respiratory center | alters depth and frequency of respiration associate with sympathetic nervous system |
| metencephalon comprised by | pons and cerebellum |
| pons | relay station between cerebrum and medulla; cerebrum and cerebellum; neclei involved in respiration in pons |
| cerebellum external anatomy | right and left cerebellar hemispheres; vermis connects 2 hemispheres |
| cerebellum internal anatomy | external gray matter, arbor vitae; internal white matter that is shaped like a tree |
| functions of the cerebellum | cruise control of body; responsible for coordination of coluntary movement, monitors brains intended motions with those that are actually occuring |
| what nerves arise from the mesencephalon | oculomotor and trochlear |
| mesencephalon has 2 parts | corpora quadrigemina and cerebral pedencles |
| corpora quadrigemina | superior colliculi and inferior colliculi |
| superior colliculi | located in gap between cerebrum and cerebellum, components of visual reflex centers |
| inferior colliculi | located belowe the superior colliculi, involved in hearing reflex |
| diencephalon components | thalamus, hypothalums, epithalamus |
| what ventricle lies within the diencephalon | third ventricle |
| what is the epithalumas in the diencephalon | roof over third ventricle, pineal gland extends from posterior section |
| thalamus | relay center, nuclei has fibers to and from sections of the cerebral coretex |
| hypothalamus | serves as body's thermostat, important in homeostatsis control center, contains several nuclei |
| main hypothalamic nuclei | mammillary bodies - involved in eating reflex and behavior. infundibulum- stalk that connects to pituitary gland |
| telencephalon's three main integrative portions | cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, limbic system |
| characteristics of the telencephalon | white matter, interior and gray matter, exterior |
| lobes of the cortex of the telencephalon | frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and insula |
| basal nuclei | consists of gray matter, involved in control of motor movements, communicate with cerebral cortex in regulation |
| limbic system | emotions brain; encircles the upper part of the brainstem, activity evokes emotional responses |
| fiber tracts connecting limbic system structures | fornix and anterior commissure |
| cerebral structures of the limbic system | cingulate gyrus, septal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus, centate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus |
| pre-central gyrus | mottor associated area of pre-motor cortex sends info for dancing tying to the pre-central gyrus |
| special activites of cerebral cortex | voluntary muscle activity; involves activity of motor association area and primary motor area |
| motor association area is active first in cerebral cortex | controls learned muscle activity, sends impulses to primary motor area |
| primary motor area | exons extend into spinal cored, fibers decussate, exhibits somatotopy; mapping of body in CNS |
| somatic sensation | fibers decussate and receive sensory information |
| once somatic sensation receives sensory info what does is do | postcentral gyrus displays somatotopy, large areas of cortex; greated innervation to body parts |
| special senses that are not represented in postcentral gyrus | smell, vision, hearing/equllibrum, and taste |
| wernicke's area | accumulates visual and auditory info |
| broca's area | motor input to produce speech |
| association areas | allow one to act on sensory info, enables on to associate different sensations with past experiences |
| lateralization of cerebrum | left hemisphere-analytical side right hemisphere-artistic side |
| sympathetic structure | thoracoumbar |
| parasympathetic structure | crainosacral |
| PNS | somatic and autonomic |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| autonomic | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| parasypathetic | 3d's, rootdigest |
| sympathetic | fight in flight |
| special sense | vision, auditory, olfactin, gustatin, equillibrium |
Created by:
kmartino91
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