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Vocabulary chapter m

seizmic waves

QuestionAnswer
plate A large section of Earth's crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the athenosphere.
fault Surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limit and break.
earthquake Vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault.
normal fault Break in rock cdaused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surfaces moove down relative to the rock below the fault surface.
reverse fault Break in rock caused by compressive forces where rock above the fault surface moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface.
strike-slip fault Break in rock caused by shear forces, where rocks move past each other without much vertical movement.
wave Rythmic movementthat carries energy through matter and space.
siesmic waves Wave generated by an earthquake.
focus In an earthquake, the boint below Earth's surfaces where energy is released in the form of seimic waves.
primary waves Seismic wave that moves rock particles back-and-forth in the same direction that the wave travels.
secondary waves Seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave.
surface waves Seismic wave that moves rock particles up and down in a backward rolling motion and side-to-side in a swaying motion.
epicenter Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus.
seismograph Instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived.
crest The highest point of a wave.
magnitude Measure of the energy released during an earthquake.
liquification Occurs when wet soil acts more like liquid during an earthquake.
tsunami Seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on the shore.
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