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Grcc bi 121 exam 3
GRCC bi 121 Exam 3 joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functional mobility classification | synarthotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic |
| function of synarthotic joint | Immovable |
| cranial joint | e.g. of synarthotic joint |
| function of amphiarthrotic joint | some movement |
| female coccyx | e.g. of amphiathrotic joint |
| function diathrotic joint | moveable joint |
| Chewing funtion or flextion/extension of elbow | e.g. of diathrotic joint |
| Structural classification of joint is grouped by? | the binding material |
| Joint structural classification | fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial |
| what material is fibrous joint made of that bound together bones | bound by collagen and ligaments |
| tibia and fibula or radius and ulna | e.g. of fibrous joints |
| Fibers bewteen bones in close contact are what type of joint? | fibrous joint |
| what material is Cartilaginous joints made of? | Hyaline cartilage |
| Pubic symphasis | e.g. of where you would find cartilaginous |
| Symphis pubis in the pelvis, were cartilaginous materials are found | This material allows for maternal pelvic bones to shift as a baby passes through birth canal. |
| synovial material found in joints of bones are made of what? | Bound by a capsule of collagen. |
| are most joint diathrotic, amphiarthrotic or synarthrotic? | Diathrotic- most joints are moveable in the body. |
| What is the most commone material found in joints? | synovial and all are diathertic. |
| if there is a synovial joint then they are always? | diathrotic joint |
| what makes up most of the body joint? | The synovial and all are diathrotic |
| components of synovial joints | Articular cartilage, subchondral plate, Joint (articular) capsule, meniscus, and bursae |
| Component of synovial joint: articular cartilage function | Covered with hyaline cartilage; resists wear and minimized friction. |
| synovial joint that are covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage | Articulare cartilage |
| function of articular cartilage | when joint joint moves and there is compression, this decreases friction and resists wear on the joint |
| Decreases friction | articular cartilage decreases? |
| what results if joints become immobile? | cartilage degenerates due to lake of diffusion of nutrients from surrounding tissues to cartilage. |
| Component of synovial joint: subchondral plate function | absorbs the shock |
| what would fracture the subchondral plate? | obesity and jogging and would lead to extreme pain. |
| subchondral plate | spongy bone |
| To prevent braking the subchondral plate | Wear good shoes and run on soft surfaces..as this will cause less damage. |
| subchondral plate | Spongy bone that absorbs shock. |
| the joint capsule (Articular Joint capsule) | Encloses and stabilized joint; holds synovial fluid in place. |
| Synovial membrane | Decreases friction via lubrication; secretes synovial fluid which cushions, lubricates, supplies nutrients, and oxygen to cartilage. |
| What secretes synovial fluid, cushions, lubricates, supplies nutrients, and oxygen to cartilage? | Synovial membrane |
| Meniscus | This divides the joint into compartments and absorbs compression. |
| where would you find a meniscus? | Knee joint |
| Bursae | sack or purse like structure. |
| A fluid lined sack lined by synovial membrane | bursae |
| Bursae function | Provides cusions over bony projections for movement of tendons or ligaments. |
| where could you find Bursae | Olecranon process |
| Bursitis | inflammation of a bursae |
| Where does bursitis usually occur? | Tennis elbow and olecranon bursa |
| overuse of a joint or stress can lead to inflammation to what type of painful condition? | Bursitis |
| ligaments | may be integral or independent and reinforces the joint |
| What is the function of ligaments | limit joint movement. |
| Arthropathology | Disease of the joints |
| arthropathology: Arthritis types | Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid, bacterial |
| Osteoarthritis causes | genetic or trauma |
| A genetic or traums leading to degeneration of the articular cartilage and the subchondral plate is exposed | Osteoarthritis |
| Osteoarthritis | Bone on bone |
| Who is affected mainly by osteoarthritis | Obese and runners. |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | An autoimmune disorder causes inflammation of synovial membrane, loss of articulate cartilage, and increases fibers in the joint |
| Bacterial arthritis | Rare form of arthritis caused by Lyme disease, staphlycoccous, streptococcus, gonnorrhea, mycobacterium |
| Joint Hypermobility AKA | Double jointed |
| Abnormal increase range of motion; extended range of motion | Joint Hypermobility |
| Joint Hypermobility | People who have extended range of motion can be great dancers, acrobats, etc |
| Increase risk of injury to joints | What risks are associated to joint hypermobility. |
| Rheumatoid arthritis is what | Systemic...it affects the entire body...i.e. eyes, etc |
| gout | accumalation of uric acid crystals in small joint and causes extreme pain. |
| Causes of gout | diet with increase amount of red meat exacerbates the condition, increases nucieic acids leading to uric acid build up |
| what condition causes very painful episodes within articulate cartilage of tiny joints (i.e. fingers and toes) | gout |
| Dislocations | Head of humerus pops out of joint/muscles hold in normally |
| what causes dislocations? | trauma can pop it out |
| What are side effects of dislocations? | torn tendons, ligaments, vessles, nerves |
| Torn ACL & menisicus | Injury to both happen hand in hand....can't injure one without the other. |
| From sudden turn while joint is flexed such as knee injury related to skiing | Torn ACL & meniscus |
| Sprains | Tearing of joint tendons & or ligaments. |
| Strains = | muscles |
| Osteomyelitis | Bacterial infection of bone |
| what types of bacteria lead to osteomyelitis | MRSA, Staphlycoccus |
| Life-span changes in joints | Fibrous joints, symphysis joints, synovial joints, ligaments. |
| What happens to fibrous joints during life span? | Fibrous joints ossify partially and/or completely |
| Ossify mean? | Calcium and phosphate combine and solidfy and decreasing movement. |
| Results of fbrous joint ossifying? | decreases movement |
| What happens to symphisis joints during a lifespan? | Lose water and therefore decrease in flexibility |
| symphasis joint | this is a joint where one bone meets the body of another bone. |
| What happens to vertebral discs? | Less water impairs the ability of the discs to absorb shock. |
| These disc become impaired due to less water, and may even collapse causing loss of height in the aged | What happens to vertebral discs and what are some results? |
| What happens to Synovial Joints as we get older? | Blood to the synovial membrane decreases, causing increase in fibers. |
| Decrease in blood to synovial joints increases fibers, therefore? | there is a decrease in flexibility of a joint |
| More fibers and cartilage develop as blood flow decreases leading to what? | Lose elasticity and become stiff affecting range of motion. |
| Disuse of joints hampers what? | the blood supply to the joints which hastens stiffening. |
| Using joints via activity and exercise does what? | Increases blood supply to joints and increase function for a longer range of time. |
| What happens to ligaments as we get older? | Collagen fibers cross link, decreasing flex in ligaments. |
| Collagen is suppose to be parallel? | Yes, they resist pulling force to hold body parts together |
| When collagen fibers cross each other vs remain parallel | They lose flexibility and cause stiffness and inability to move. |
| Ligaments | connect bone to bone |
| tendons connect | bones to muscles |
Created by:
Wends1984
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