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StarCycles+SunLayers
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Escape Velocity | velocity needed to escape Earth’s atmosphere |
| Deep Space Probes | Put into space to explore beyond our solar system |
| Pioneer 10 & 11 | 1983 traveled beyond the Milky Way, now beyond the solar system, contains plaque with message from Earth |
| Mariner 2 | Venus probe, Venus still studied by the Magellan Probe |
| Mariner missions 4, 7, 9 | Successful expeditions of Mars allowed Vikings 1 & 2 to land on Mars in 1975 |
| Mariner 10 | Flew by Mercury in 1974 |
| Voyager spacecraft | following Pioneer out of Solar System |
| Optical telescopes | gathers and focuses visible light using a series of mirrors and lenses |
| Refracting Telescope | Lenses focus light, larger the lens the greater the light gathering power |
| Reflecting Telescope | Mirrors collect light, much larger then refracting scopes, can see objects billions of light years away |
| Multiple Mirror Telescopes | composed of many mirrors working together, provide more power than single mirror scopes |
| Keck Telescope | most powerful on Earth's surface, made of 36 mirror segments joined together to make a 400 inch mirror, looks like a beehive |
| Radio Telescope | collects radio waves, not visible light waves, signal is picked up by an antennae and sent to a computer where image is produced |
| Infrared Telescope | Detects invisible heat waves from star clusters and in clouds of gas and dust |
| Ultraviolet Telescope | detects invisible UV Waves |
| X-Ray Telescope | X-Rays least able to pass through Earth’s atmosphere, provide info. on life cycle of stars |
| Hubble | Houses several types of telescopes, Provides detailed views of many objects hidden from earth bound scopes |
| Refracting | first type, lenses brought visible light top a focus |
| Reflecting | mirrors bring visible light to a focus |
| Interferometry | process of linking separate telescopes together so they act as one.Very detailed |
| Space based telescopes | Hubble, Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, Chandra X-Ray Observatory, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory |
| Black Holes | After the supernova explosion the core is swallowed by its own gravity,not even light can escape it |
| Magnitude | how bright a star appears |
| Apparent Magnitude | Brightness as it appears on Earth |
| Absolute Magnitude | Amount of light a star actually gives off |
| Luminosity | is the actual energy output on the surface of a star per second, measured in watts |
| Paralax | the apparent shift in position of the star |
| Corona | Outermost layer of sun’ atmosphere,Temp. can reach up to 2 million K, Several million kilometers thick, Very dim because of low density gas, Only seen during solar eclipse |
| Chromosphere | Middle layer of sun’s atmosphere,Temperatures average 30,000K,2500 kilometers thick |
| Photosphere | Innermost layer of atmosphere,400 km thick,Temperatures 5800 K,Gives off the light emitted |
| Core | Temp. reach up to 15 million degrees C, Hydrogen fuses into Helium atoms releasing energy as heat and light |
| Fusion | nuclear reaction in which two light nuclei (such as hydrogen) combine to form a heavier nuclei (such as helium). |
| Radiative Zone | carries the energy 86% of the way to the photosphere, here energy is transferred via radiation outward |
| Convection Zone | carries the energy the rest of the way to the surface through convection currents |
| Prominence | Solar Storm, huge bright arches or loops of gas, releases gases and energy into space |
| Sunspots | Dark areas on the suns surface (which are actually cool areas) caused by storms in the lower atmosphere moving across surface |
| Solar Flares | bright bursts of light on the surface, huge amounts of energy are released into space |
| Solar winds | Gas from the corona speeds out into space, Consists of ions, Flows through the entire solar system, Earth’s magnetic field deflects and traps them in Van Allen Radiation Belts, reason for the auroras |
| Hertzsprung-Russell diagram | -The properties of mass, luminosity, temperature, color and diameter are closely related -Each star has specific characteristics related to each of the properties -90% of all stars fall along main sequence |
Created by:
elarocco
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