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GRCC bi121 test 3
GRCC BI 121 Exam 3 Axial & appendicular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Axial | Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, thoracic cage, sternum. |
| Which skeletal division includes the skull, hyoid, vertebral column, thoracic cage and sternum? | Axial |
| Infantile Skull | part of the axial skeletal |
| Fontanels | Sections of an infantile skull that allows for cranial molding. |
| Appendicular | Appendages and their support structures |
| Axial Osteopathology | Cleft Palate, mastoiditis, Bulging disks, Herniated discs, vertebral column assymmetry |
| Axial Osteopathology: Cleft palate | Incompletely fused palatine processes or palatines. |
| Axial Osteopathology: mastoiditis | bacterial infection of the mastoid via the middle ear infection. |
| Which Axial Osteopathology can lead to meninges may become infected | mastoiditis |
| Middle ear infection that moves through the tissue may lead to what? | Infecting the meninges |
| Axial Osteopathology: Bulging disk | affects vertebrae, where collagen fibers (annulus) cracks or bulges out from disk. |
| this happens with age, annulus (collagen fibers) cracks, nucleus loses firmness. | Bulging disk |
| What locations are commonly effected by bulging disks? | L3 & L4 |
| Cushioning structure between vertbrae | disks |
| Is there a cure for bulging disks? | Bulging disks will goa way if you stop the action that caused it. |
| Axial Osteopathology: herniated disks | Increase pressure, increase cracks and nucleus squeezes out |
| Symptoms of herniated disks | numbness and musle weakness. |
| Axial Osteopathology: vertical assymetry examples | Kyphosis, Lordosis, scoliosis dorsal bowing. |
| Exagerrated thoracic curvature causes hunchback and rounded shoulders | Kyphosis |
| Exagerated lumbar curvature causes swayback, Leaning forward | lordosis |
| kyphosis | hunchbak |
| Lordosis | leaning forward |
| Lateral displacement causing one hip or shoulder to be lower than the other. | scoliosis |
| How is scoliosis treated? | with multiple surgeries |
| Disks shrink & compress with age; causes dorsal rotation | Dorsal bowing |
| dorsal bowing | back Bow |
| Appendicular Osteopathology | Polydactyl, clubfoot, tibiaitis, |
| Appendicular ostopathology: polydactyl | possession of extra digit |
| Axial Osteopathology: clubfoot | Foot twists out of normal position during development |
| Axial Osteopathology: tibiaitis | Inflammation of tibial tuberosity due to overuses of thigh muscles |
| If there is more osteoclast than osteoblasts then what? | There bone removal happens. |
| Osteoporosis | Age related condition due to excess osteoclasts that out number osteoblasts causes bone removal, |
| A condition where increased number of osteoclasts removes bone; spongy bone is reabsorbed before compact bone | ostoporosis |
| Aging of the skeleton | Generate more osteoclasts then osteoblasts, hieght reduction, increase interostonic gaps, joint degeneration. |
| Height reduction | Age related condition where compression of discs and vertebral body happens |
| Increase interosteonic gaps | age related condition, bone remodeling continues, but not all osteons are replaced resulting in gaps in bones. |
| Joint degeneration | age related condition where there is decrease regeneration of cartilage and ligaments. |
| What condition cause brittle bones and could lead to fracture? | Osteoporosis, height reduction, increase interosteonic gaps, and joint degeneration. |
| What affects and delays the process of aging? | Diet and exercise |
Created by:
Wends1984
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