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Science- Nov 11 Test

Cell Process (ex.diffusion,osmosis)

QuestionAnswer
Diffusion the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration.(molecules naturally move from "crowded" to "less crowded"
What is the main method of movement for small molecules in a cell? What are some examples? Diffusion.Examples-glucise,amino acids,oxygen,CO2.
Osmosis The diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
Where does water move in osmosis? Fom high concentration to low concentration.
Cells need _____ and depend on _____. Water;Osmosis.
Passive transport The movement of materials through the cell membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration WITHOUT THE USE OF ENERGY.
Diffusion and osmosis are types of _____________. Passive transport.
What is another form of passive transport? Through the transport proteins or "doorways" that pick up molecules and carry them in the cell.
Active transport The movement of materials through the cell membrane USING THE CELL'S ENERGY.
How do molecules move in active transport? Against the normal direction of diffusion,from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
What is one form of active transport? Through the transport proteins or "doorways" that pick up molecules and carry them in the cell
Engulfing The movement of large materials.
Endocytosis The cell membrane surronds a particle,encloses it in a vesicle and brings it into the cell.
Exocytosis Process used to remove large particles from the cell.
Endocytosis or exocytosis- vesicle pinches off the CELL MEMBRANE and carries the particle in? Endocytosis.
Endocytosis or exocytosis- vesicles pinch off from the ER OR GOLGI (travels to membrane) ? Exocytosis.
Endocytosis and exocytosis are both forms of ___________. Active transport.
All cells need _____ for life processes. Materials.
Materials move across _________. The cell membrane.
Materials are constantly being exchanges between _____ and it's _____ through the cell membrane. A cell;enviroment.
Cells cannot function without an exchange of _____. Materials.
Cells need ____,____,and ____. Oxygen,water,and food.
What must cells remove? Waste (CO2)
Cell membranes are _____ or ______. Selectively or semi-permeable.
Selectively permeable Certain materials can pass through,while others cannot.
____,_____,_____,and _____ are constantly exchanged. Oxygen,water,food,and waste.
Do different cell processes affect the movement of materials? Yes.
What goes through photosynthesis? Plants.
Another way/form of cellular respiration is? Fermintation (a quick way to get energy)
True or flase: Cellur respiration occurs in almost all animals and plants? True.
Which of the following are two processes that create energy for cells? Photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
In the process of photosynthesis,plants use the energy in ______ to make food. Sunlight.
Which of the following processes creates a small amount of energy for some cells without the use of oxygen? Fermentation.
Cells change different forms of energy into? Chemical energy.
What is chemical energy? Energy stored between atoms of a molecule.
What is chemical energy created from? Raw materials.
Products of chemical energy? Created from raw materials in energy process.
Some cells capture _____ energy. Light.
Photosynthesis Process plants use to change the energy from sunlight into food/glucose (chemical energy)
Where does photosynthesis take place? Chloroplasts of plants.
What are the raw materials of photosynthesis? And what are the products? RM-Sunlight,carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) P-Oxygen (O2) and glucose (C6H12O6)
What is the formula of photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cells creat energy from __________ to function. Chemical energy.
Cellular respiration (where does it take place?) The process of creating energy (ATP) from oxygen and glucose (food) Takes place in- mitochondrion of cells.
What are the raw materials of cellular respiration? Oxygen (O2) and glucose (C6H12O6)
What are the products of cellular respiration? Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy (ATP)
What is the formula of cellular respiration? C6H12O6+6O2 ---> 6CO2 + energy (ATP)
What is fermentation? The process by which cells break down food to release energy without using oxygen (yeast,muscle cells)
What is a raw material of fermentation? Glucose (sugar)
What are the products of fermentation? Carbon dioxide,alcolhol, and a small amount of energy for alcohol fermentation (fruits)
What are the products of latic fermentation? Latic acid and a small amount of energy (muscle cells)
True or False: Cell divison is part of the cell cycle? True
Cell cycle The normal sequence of growth and division of a cell,which happens in 3 main stages.
Stage 1 of cell cycle? INTERPHASE-cell grows,copies DNA. Organelles/centriole then prepares to divide into 2 new cells.
Stage 2 of cell cycle? MITOSIS-nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei and each nucleus receives a copy of DNA (4 phases)
Prophase Chromatin forms chromosomes;centrioles move to opposite ends of nucleus;spindle fibers form;nuclear membrane breaks apart.
Chromosomes Coiled structure of DNA and protein;human body cells have 46 or 23 pairs.
Chromatids Identical chromosome copies (x)
Centromere Structure holds chromatids together.
Metophase Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase Centromeres spilt chromatids;new chromosomes travel to opposite ends of the cell along spindle fibers.
Telophase Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes;they unwind back into chromatin.
Stage 3 of cell cycle? CYTOKINESIS-cell splits or divides 2 new cells, cytoplasm divides.
What also happens in the 3rd stage of the cell cycle? Organelles are divided into each othe the 2 new daughter cells, and the result is 2 identical cells.
Created by: Avery Lamb
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