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November 5, 2011
Nutrition Study Guide Chapter 7 (Vitamins) and Chapter 8 (Minerals)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are vitamins? | Noncaloric essential nutrients necessary for many metobolic tasks |
| List fat soluble vitamins in both their letter name and chemical name. | Vitamin A (Retinol) Vitamin D (Cholecaliferol) Vitamin E (tocopherol) Vintamin K (Phylloquinone) |
| List the water soluble vitamins in both letter name and chemical name. | Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Folate Biotin Choline Pantothenic Acid |
| List general functions of vitamins | Acts as coenzymes or catalyst in chemical reactions; Acts as anitoxidants to protect cell structure; Assist as tissue or bone building components; work to prevent dificency disease; if lacking in diet a "specific" function can not be performed |
| define enriched foods | Nutrients "added" to restore nutrients loss in processing |
| Define fortified foods | Nutrients "added" to improve original state of food product |
| Deficency of what vitamin results in night blindness | Vitamin A (retinol) |
| T or F? Fish liver oils or fatty fish are an excellent natural food source for Vitamin D? | True |
| The primary function of Vitamin D is to regulate the absorption anf metabolism of the minerals ___________ and ___________ | Calcium and Phosphorus |
| Define Rickets. Who is at risk? Identify food sources important in diet for prevention | Young Children; Malformation of bones (looks liked bowed legs) Drink Milk |
| Define Osteoporosis. Who is at risk for developing it? | Loss of bone density that leads to brittle bones and spontaneous fractures; Elderly Adults |
| T or F? Foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are milk and margarine? | True |
| The chemical name for vitamin E is? | Tocopheral |
| Vitamin E is considered an ____________ because it protects cell membranes | Antioxidant |
| That trace mineral works as a "partner" with Vitamin E in its role as an antioxidant? | Selenium |
| T or F? A rich food source of Vitamin E is sunflower oil? | False Sunflower seed and Vegetable oil |
| The fat soluble vitamin that is responsible for synthesis of blood clotting factors is? (newborns recieve this vitamin shortly after birth) | Phylloquinone Vitamin K |
| T or F? Freen leafy vegatables such as spinach are good food source of Vitamin K and Folate? | True |
| Signs of Vitamin C deficency are characterized bt? | Brusing, delay wound healing |
| Scurvy is associated with what vitamin deficiency? | Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) |
| Identify food soources high in Vitamin C | Citrus fruits, tomatoes, kiwi, berries |
| An alcoholic is likely to be deficent in what vitamin? | Vitamin B-Thiamin |
| The three body systems that can be affected by a thiamin deficiency are | Gi system, Central Nervous, Cardiovascular |
| That vitamin is destroyed by light? How is this vitamin protected in foods? | Vitamin b2 (Riboflavin); not be put in clear (see through) containers |
| The best food source of Riboflavin or Vitamin B2 are | Milk and meat |
| What food is major source of miacin | Meat (beef) |
| A folic acid deficiency induces a specific form of amemia called | Megoloblastic- it is a birth defect (spina bifida) |
| Another name for folic acid is? | Folate |
| The best food source of folic acid is? | liver chicken beef green leafy veggies broccoli orange juice egg yolks vereal yeast legumes |
| Food sources high in vitamin C are | citrus friuts tomatoes kiwi and berries |
| Phytochemicals are NOT ___________ and ___________. They are the chemical compounds produced by plants and act as ___________ and ________ | Vitamin and Minerals; Antioxidants and Hormones |
| Megadosing | Taking too many vitamins and thinking it is "good" for you...Using them as drugs |
| Vitamin Supplementation | A pill that gives you your vitamins |
| What are B complex vitamins? | Water soluble vitamins |
| the most effective and econimocal way for healthy people to ensure adequate and balanced vitamins intake is to.... | Eat a varied diet |
| Why is it important for pregnant women to consume foods rich in folate? | Necessary for cellular division and protein synthesis |
| What is a mineral? | Perform a vereity of metobolic tasks, inorgantic widely distributed in nature |
| Name the 2 main groups of minerals | Major Minerals and Trace Minerals |
| What are the general functions of minerals in the body? | Building tissue and activating, regulating,transmitting, and controlling metabolic process |
| List the MAJOR minerals and identify their chemical symbol | Calcium (CA) Phosphorus (P)Sodium (S) Potassium (K) Magnisium (Mg)Chloride (Cl) Sulfur (S) |
| Bioavailability | What is avalible to the body based on need |
| Calcium has 4 functions in the body | Bone tooth formation, blood clotting, muscle and nerve action, metobolic function such as absorbtion of vitamin B12 |
| Deficiency of calcuim can lead to what disorders? | Rickets, Tetany, and Osteoporosis |
| T or F? Yogurt is a good source of calcuim? | True |
| Identify food sources rich in calcium | Milk calcium fortified foods, low oxalate greens |
| What are the basic functions of phosphorus in the body | Bone tooth formation, Energy metabolism: cell formation, Helps maintain pH homeostasis of fluids |
| What 2 minerals are important in bone formation? | Calcium and Phosporus |
| What MINERAL is present in the body in the greatest concentration? Where is it found? | Sodium; outside the cells |
| water balance is the main function of this mineral (water guards water "outside" cells) | Sodium |
| Most of the body's sodium is found in water outside or inside cells? | outside |
| High potassium intake tends to lower blood cholesteror or lower blood pressure? Explain | Blood Pressure; when sodium and potassium are consumed together it equals levels of hypotention out |
| What foods are rich in potassium? | Natural foods: Oranges bananas broccoli green leafy veggies |
| Most dietary sodium comes from what source? | Table salt |
| The major mineral in water INSIDE of cells is | Potassium |
| Deficiency of this trace element causes anemia. Who is most at risk for developing it? | Iron (Fe); Women and Children |
| Food sources rich in Fe are? | Meat eggs veggies cereal (liver) |
| The trace element the body needs to form hemoglobin in the body is? | Iron (Fe) |
| Hemoglobin | Carries oxygen to the cells |
| The main dietary source of iodine is | Table salt (seafood) |
| What is the function of iodine in the body | To control basal metobolic rate |
| What are the functions of zinc | wound healing and tissue healing |
| What population of individuals may need mineral supplementation | Pregnant women |
Created by:
bjbert
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