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10/21/2011

Mitosis

QuestionAnswer
Prokaryotes Unicellular organisms that have one chromosome (one DNA molecule).
Interphase G1,S and G2. Cells are not dividing. Diffuse chromatin fills the nucleus.
S phase DNA moleucules replicate. Duplicated chromosome has 2 sister chromatids attached at the centromere.
Mitotic phase Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Mitosis Separation of duplicated chromosomes
Cytokinesis Cell division
Eukaryotes Several chromosomes in the nucleus
One Chromosome one DNA molecule +proteins
Chromatin DNA (partially folded) + associated Proteins in interphase
Five phases of mitosis Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and Cytokinesis
Cleavage Furrow Squeeze cell in half
Telophase Nuclear envelopes reform (now 2 separate nuclei). Chromosomes partly unfold
Kinetochore Region of centromere where microtubules attach
Metaphase Centrosomes at opposite end of cell. Chromosomes attached to microtubules line up at metaphase plate (center of cell)
Prometaphase Nuclear envelope Fragments. Mitotic spindle invades nucleus. Microtubules bind chromatids at Kinetochores
Sister Chromatid One molecule of DNA
Asters Short microtubule arrays extending from centrosomes
Prophase Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes. Mitotic spindles forms in cytoplasm between centriole pairs; lengthens as microtubules grow
Kinetochore Microtubules Attach to chromatids
Non-kinetochore Microtubules Go from centrosome toward metaphase plate; overlap
Metaphase Equal and opposite forces try to pull sister chromatids to opposite spindle poles
Anaphase Sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward opposite poles. Kinetochores Microtubules are shorten. Centosomes move farther aprt as non-kintochore MT's get longer and slide past each other. Spindle gets longer.
Cytokinesis on plant cells Vesicles line up in cell center to form cell plate. The vesicles contain cell wall material. Vesicles fuse with each other. The cell wall material inside calesces to make a continuous plate, surrounded by membrane from the fused vesicles.
Cytokinesis on animal cells Microfilaments under plasma membrane pinch in; form cleavage furrow to squeeze cell in half
Motor proteins Walk along microtubules to pull chromatids
Created by: liuluohao
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