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Vessels & Ateries
Quiz 3 Jones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| THREE MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS | ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES & VEINS |
| ARTERIES | CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM HEART, SAID TO BRANCH, FORK, AS THEY FORM SMALLER & SMALLER DIVISIONS |
| VEINS | CARRY BLOOD TOWARD THE HEART,JOIN, MERGE & CONVERGE INTO SUCCESSFUL LARGER VESSELS, hv less elastic tissue & smooth muscle & more fibrous tissue than arteriesmost hv valves |
| WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS | HV 3 DISTINCT LAYERS; TUNICA INTIMA,TUNICA MEDIA,TUNICA EXTERNA |
| TUNICA INTIMA | INTIMATE CONTACT WITH THE BLOOD IN THE LUMEN. CONTAINS ENDOTHELIUM SIMPLE SQUAMOUS, SLICK SURFACE TO MINIMIZE FRICTION AS BLOOD MOVES THRU LUMEN |
| TUNICA MEDIA | MIDDLE TUNICA,MOSTLY CIRCULARLY ARRANGED SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS & SHEETS OF ELASTIN. SM REGULATED BY SYMATHETIC VASOMOTOR NERVE FIBERS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| TUNICA EXTERNA | OUTERMOST LAYER OF BLOOD VESSEL WALL COMPOSED LRGLY OF LOOSELY WOVEN COLLAGEN FIBERS THE PROTECT & REINFORCE THE VESSEL & ANCHOR IT TO SURROUNDING STRUCTURES |
| LUMEN | A CAVITY INSIDE A TUBE, BLOOD VESSEL OR HOLLOW ORGAN |
| VASA VASORUM | FOUND IN TUNICA EXTERNA, SYSTEM OF TINY BLOOD VESSELS "VESSELS OF VESSELS" LITERALLY NOURISH EXTERNAL TISSUES OF BLOOD VESSEL WALL |
| ELASTIC(CONDUCTING)ARTERIES | THICK WALLED ARTERIES NEAR THE HEART, AORTA & MAJOR BRANCHES. LARGE LUMENS MAKE THEM LOW RESISTANCE PATHWAYS THAT CONDUCT BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO MEDIUM SIZED ARTERIES. PRESSURE RESERVOIRS, EXPANDING & RECOILING AS BLOOD IS EJECTED FROM THE HEART.. |
| MUSCULAR(DISTRIBUTING)ARTERIES | DELIVERS BLOOD TO SPECIFIC BODY ORGANS MED. arteries that draw blood from elastic artery & branch to "resistance vessels" & small arteries & arterioles. the mechanism elastic arteries use 2 store energy generated bY heart's contraction |
| ARTERIOLES | SMALLEST ARTERIES;SMOOTH MUSCLE W/SCATTERED ELASTIC FIBER. SMALLER ARTERIOLES LEAD TO CAP BEDS...ARTERIOLES CONSTRICT TISSUES SERVED ARE BYPASSED WHEN ART DIALATE BLOOD FLOW INTO LOCAL CAPS INCREASE DRAMATICALLY |
| 3 FACTORS INFLUENCING BLOOD PRESSURE | CARDIAC OUTPUT, PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE & BLOOD VOLUME |
| CARDIAC OUTPUT | The total blood flow from the heart during a specified period of time.STROKE VOLUME X HR= & increased cardiac output. INCREASE CO2 INCREASE BP, MORE FLUID PRESSING ON WALLS OF VESSEL AT 1 TIME. |
| PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE | A measure of the amt of friction encountered by the blood as it flows through blood vessels. Increase resistance, controlled by vasoconstri/vasodialation. INCREASE BP |
| BLOOD VOLUME | volume of blood in the circulatory system of an individual.typical adult has a blood volume of approximately between 4.7 and 5 liters, with females generally having less blood volume than males.Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys. |
| BARORECEPTORS | a type of interceptor that is stimulated by pressure changes, as those in blood vessel, walls.*DETECTS STRETCHES IN ARTERIES** INCREASE VOLUME, INCREASE BP |
| NOREPHRINE/EPIPINEPHRINE (NE) | EFFECTS SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.."FIGHT OR FLIGHT" PRODUCED IN MEDULLA & HAS EFFECT ON BP,INCREASE CO(HEART & CONTRACTILITY) PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE(VASOCONSTRICTION)TAKES PLACE IN HEART & ARTERIOLES |
| ANGIOTENSIN II | PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE (VASOCONSTRICTION) IN ARTERIOLES STIMULATES INTENSE VASOCONSTRICTION, RELEASE ALDOSTERONE& ADH WHICH PROMOTES RAPID RISE IN SYSTEMIC BP |
| ATRIAL DIRUETIC HORMONE(ANP) | POWERFUL VASODIALATOR & PROTEIN HORMONE MADE IN HEART MUSCLE CELLS.RAISE PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE IN ARTERIOLES CAUSES BP & BLOOD VOLUME TO DECLINE |
| ANTI-DIRUETIC HORMONE(ADH) | RAISE PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE &BLOOD VOLUME,IN ARTERIOLES& KIDNEY TUBULE CELLS. STIMULATES KIDNEYS TO CONSERVE H2O WHEN BP IS LOW ADH IS RELEASED HELPS RESTORE STEROID PRESSURE BY VASOCONSTRICTION |
| ALDOSTERONE/CORTISOL | RAISES BP,FOUND IN KIDNEY TUBULE CELLS TO HELP INCREASE BP |
| SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM & BP | INCREASE CONTRACTILITY, CARDIAC OUTPUT & HEART RATE |
| SMOOTH MUSCLE & BP | wall of blood vessels.contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed |
| FACTORS AFFECTING PULSE RATE? | AGE, GENDER, SIZE,EXERCISE,EXERCISE,HORMONE. PATHOLOGY,Stimulation of the autonomic nerves,Medications and drugs |
| PRIMARY HYPERTENSION | NO PRIMARY CAUSE FOR HB. SOME CAUSES MAY BE HEREDITARY, DIET, AGE, OBESITY, DIABETES, STRESS, SMOKING |
| SECONDARY HYPERTENSION | CAUSED BY IDENTIFIABLE DISORDERS LIKE OBSTRUCTION OF RENAL ARTERIES, KIDNEY DISEASE, ENDOCRINE DISORDERS; HYPOTHYROIDISM,CUSHINGS SYNDROME |
| AUTOREGULATION | AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF BLOOD FLOW TO EACH TISSUE IN PROPORTION TO EACH TISSUES REQUIREMENT AT ANY INSTANT. PROCESS IS REGULATED BY LOCAL CONDITIONS & IS LARGELY INDEPENDENT OF SYSTEM FACTORS |
| NO | VASODIALATOR; important molecule produced by your blood vessels for cardiovascular health. ITs critical in maintaining proper blood flow & keeping circulation strong. As we age our bodies lose the ability to produce ENUF NO, leading to poor circulation |
| TISSUE PROFUSION | BLOOD FLOW THRU BODY TISSUES & ORGANS. DEL. OF O2, NUTRIENTS & REMOVE WASTES. ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS IN DIGESTIVE TRACT, URINE FORMATION IN KIDNEYS, GAS EXCHANGE IN LUNGS, |
| HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE | FORCE EXERTED BY A FLUID PRESSING AGAINST A WALL. |
| OSMOTIC PRESSURE | MEASURE OF THE TENDENCY OF WATER TO MOVE INTO A MORE CONCENTRATED SOLUTION |
| NAME TYPES OF VESSELS GNG FROM ARTERIES TO VEINS | AORTA, ARTERIES, ARTERIOLES, CAPILLARIES,VENULES,VEINS, VENAE CAVAE |
| 3 FACTORS THAT AID IN VENOUS RETURN | Larger lumens of veins with valves, Skeleton muscle activity and Respiratory pump |
| SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY | AIDS IN VENOUS RETURN;major mechanism promoting venous return during normal locomotory activity (e.g., walking, running) is the muscle pump system. |
| RESPIRATORY PUMP | affects venous return through changes in right atrial pressure, which is an important component of the pressure gradient for venous return. Increasing right atrial pressure impedes venous return, while lowering this pressure facilitates venous return |
| ARTERIES | blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, 3 MAIN LAYERS OF WALL,OUTER=CONNEC. TISSUE, MID-SMOOTH MUSCLE INNER-ELASTIC TISSUE,transport blood at a higher pressure |
| ARTERIOLES | tiny arteries brancH from main artery 2 carry blood 2 cells controlled bY sympathetic nervous systems ALSO manage blood flow thru smooth muscles,main blood vessels that control blood pressure. Arterioles also lead to & carry blood 2 capillaries. |
| CAPILLARIES | extremely small blood vessels that work w/tissues 2 exchange gases, nutrients, H2O, salts & waste. CUZ cap walls have thickness of one cell,easily able to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissues while removing carbon dioxide from the tissues. |
| VENULES | tiny blood vessels,each connected 2 capil. Each cap drains into venule, allowing 4 the waste-filled blood 2 enter veins & carried back toward heart, smooth muscle layer & the connective tissue layer of venule walls are not as thick as those in arteries. |
| VEINS | blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to heart;Venules drain into veins. Muscle contractions create a constant movement of blood toward the heart one-way valves prevent blood from flowing in the opposite direction, back away from the heart |
| WHERE ARE BARORECEPTORS LOCATED & FUNCTION | SENSORY NERVE ENDING IN THE carotid sinus & AORTIC ARCH |
| HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM | CARRIES NUTRIENT RICH BLOOD FROM DIGESTIVE ORGANS TO LIVER; WERE BLOOD IS "TREATED" B4 IT REACHES REST OF THE BODY heart, liver, hepatic portal vein, small intestine, stomach, and large intestine. |
| HEPATIC PORTAL VEINS | SERIES OF VESSELS WHICH 2 SEPARATE CAPILLARY BEDS LIE BETWEEN ARTERIAL SUPPLY & FINAL VENOUS DRAINAGE. 1ST CAP BEDS IN STOMACH & INTESTINES & 2ND CAP. BED IN LIVER |
| HEPATIC PORTAL CIRCULATION | Gastrointestinal tract to the liver,Substances absorbed in small intestine GO first to liver TO heart. extends from the lower portion of esophagus to upper part of anal canal. It also includes venous drainage from the spleen and pancreas. |
| HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM VESSELS & ORGANS | SUPERIOR MESENTERIC= SMALL INTESTINE. LRG INTESTINE ( ASCEND & TRANS)& STOMACH. INFERIOR MESENTERIC=DISTAL PART OF LRG INTESTINE & RECTUM.GASTROPHRENIC= STOMACH HEPATIC PORTAL= LIVER |
| ARTERIES OF THE BRAIN | The cerebral arteries are derived from the internal carotid and vertebral, anterior cerebral arteries, branches of the internal carotid,posterior cerebral arterie |
| CIRCLE OF WILLIS | formed in front by anterior cerebral arteries, branches of internal carotid, which R con.2gether by anterior communicating; behind by 2 posterior cerebral arteries, branches oF basilar R connected either side w/internal carotid by posterior communicating |
| FUNCTION OF CIRCLE OF WILLIS | main blood supply to the brain,named after Thomas Willis (1621–1675), an English physician.[2] |
| SUPERIOR VENA CAVA RECEIVES BLOOD FROM WHICH PARTS OF THE BODY | veins merge, and grow larger, until they've all joined into the vena cava. above the heart is the superior vena cava.Carries de oxygenated blood from upper part of the body |
| INFERIOR VENA CAVA RECEIVES BLOOD FROM WHICH PARTS OF THE BOD | veins merge, and grow larger, until they've all joined into the vena cava.below the heart is the inferior vena cava.carries de oxygenated blood from lower part of the body to the right atrium of the heart |
| FORAMEN OVALE | allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium,fetal cardiac shunt. AFTERBIRTH:FOSSA OVALIS |
| DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS( | allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circulation AFTERBIRTH:LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM |
| DUCTUS VENOSUS | shunts approximately half of the blood flow of the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava,allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the live AFTERBIRTH:LIGAMENTUM VERISOSUM |
| UMBILICAL ARTERIES | CARRIES CO2 & WASTE LADEN BLOOD FROM FETUS TO PLACENTA, AFTERBIRTH; MEDIAL UMBILICAL LIGAMENTS |
| 3 FETAL SHUNTS | FORAMEN OVALE, DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS,DUCTUS VENOSUS |
| VENOUS BLOOD FLOW | RESPIRATORY PUMP VALVES MUSCULAR PUMP SMOOTH MUSCLE |
| SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE | PRESSURE CHANGES WITH DISTANCE FROM HEART |
| MAP | MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE DIASTOLIC PRESSURE & PULSE PRESSURE |
| VASOMOTOR CENTERS | MEDULLA OBLONGATA, SYMPATHETIC FIBERS INCREASE VASOCONSTRICTION, |
| AUTOREGULATION | AUTOMATIC BLOOD FLOW TO EACH TISSUE IN PROPORTION TO ITS NEEDS, VASOCON, VASODIL,MYOGENIC |
| CAPALLARIES | very thin & fragile,one epithelial cell thick,exchange of oxygen & CO2 takes place thru thin cap wall.Arteries & veins run parallel throughout the body w/a web-like network of capillaries, embedded in tissue, connecting them |
| DURAL SINUS | DRAINS BRAIN |
| CIRCULATORY PATHWAYS | PULMONARY & SYSTEMIC |
| VEINS- LOWER LIMBS | DORSAL PEDIS- ANTERIOR TIBIAL-POPLITEAL-FEMORAL-GREAT SAPHENOUS-POSTERIOR TIBIAL |
| ABDOMEN | LUMBAR-L&R RENAL-SPLENIC-SUPERIOR MESENTERIC-INTERNAL & EXTERNAL IILIAC- ACSENDING LUMBAR |
| SVC (HEAD NECK THORAX) | ABOVE DIAPHRAGM-BRACHIOCEPHALIC- EXTERNAL & INTERNAL JUGULAR- |
| FALX CERBI- | SUPERIOR & INFERIOR SAGITAL SINUS STRAIGHT & TRANSVERSE SINUS- CAVERNOUS SINUS |
| AZYGOS V | RIGHT SIDE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN |
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