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Mem. Struct. & Funct
membrane structure and function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a lipid with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates | glycolipid |
| a channel protein in the plasma membrane of a plant, animal, or microorganism cell that specifically facilitates osmosis, the diffusion of free water across the membrane | aquaporin |
| movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient or electrochemical gradient, mediated by specific transport proteins and requiring an expenditure of energy | active transport |
| a transport protein in the plasma membrane of an animal cell that actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell | sodium-potassium pump |
| solution that, when surrounding the cell, will cause it to lose water | hypertonic |
| a walled cell becomes___ if it has a lower water potential than its surroundings resulting in the entry of water | turgid(swollen) |
| has higher water potential than its surroundings, resulting in the loss of water | flaccid(limp) |
| protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates | glycoprotein |
| the diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis |
| an active transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane while pumping ions | electrogenic pump |
| transmembrane protein with hydrophobic regions that extend into and span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane | integral protein |
| a protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to a part of an integral protein, not embedded in the lipid bilayer | peripheral protein |
| regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism | osmoregulation |
| Having both a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region | amphipathic |
| The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water | tonicity |
| The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases | concentration gradient |
| Active transport protein that’s uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient | proton pump |
| Solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take up water | hypotonic |
| Walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall | plasmolysis |
| Currently accepted model of a cell membrane structure | fluid mosaic model |
| The diffusion of a substance across the biological membrane with no expenditure of energy | passive transport |
| The difference in electrical charge(voltage) across a cells plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions | membrane potential |
| Affected by the concentration difference of an ion and the ion’s tendency to move relative to the membrane potential | electrochemical gradient |
| A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them | selective permeability |
| Solution that, when surrounding a cell, causes no net movement of water into or out of the cell | isotonic |
| Passage of molecules or ions down their concentration gradient with help from transmembrane proteins | facilitated diffusion |
| Transmembrane channel that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus | gated channel |
| Transmembrane protein channel that allows a specific ion to diffuse across the membrane down its concentration or electrochemical gradient | ion channel |
| The cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane | exocytosis |
| A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance to cross the membrane | transport protein |
| The spontaneous movement of a substance from a area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | diffusion |
| Cellular uptake of biological molecules and the particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane | endocytosis |
Created by:
JAyyB
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