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Ch 5 Bio

QuestionAnswer
Cell division different in bacteria and eukaryotes
Binary fission how bacteria reproduce, DNA is copied and cell splits into two cells
Gene segment of DNA that directs the production of a protein
Mitosis results in two cells with the same genetic information as the parent
Humans somatic cells 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 total,
Gametes 22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome
Sex cells 23 chromosomes
Inversion DNA fragment becomes detached, reattaches upside down
Karyotype picture of a persons chromosomes
Nondisjunction chromosomes don’t separate, results in too many or too few chromosomes
Interphase cells spend most of their life, first three phases of the cell cycle
Mitosis division of the nucleus, diagram
Prophase nucleus disappears
Metaphase chromosomes on equator
Anaphase chromosomes separate
Telophase nuclear envelope reforms
Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm, after mitosis, plants use cell plate, animals pinch in
Checkpoints inhibit uncontrolled cell division, monitors cell cycle
Cancer caused by uncontrolled cell division
Spindles move chromosomes
Chromosomes connected at centromere, contain thousands of genes, form right before cell divides, contain DNA
Sex Chromosomes X and Y, male XY, female XX
Haploid half the number of chromosomes, unpaired
Diploid chromosomes paired, 2n, 2 homologues of each chromosome
Down’s Syndrome trisomy, 3 chromosomes at the 21st pair, 47 chromosomes
Cell Cycle G1=growth, S=synthesis of DNA, G2=prepare for division, Mitosis=nuclear division, cytokinesis=division of cytoplasm
Created by: evroman
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