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Chapter 10

WordDef.
allele alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
dominant observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait
fertilization fusion of male and female gametes
gamete male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs
genetics branch of biology that studies heredity
genotype combination of genes in an organism
heredity passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring
heterozygous when there are two different alleles for a trait
homozygous when there are two identical alleles for a trait
hybrid offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait
hybrid offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait
law of independent assortment Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
law of segregation Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes
phenotype outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes
pollination from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species
recessive trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
trait characteristic that is inherited; can be dominant or recessive
zygote diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
crossing over exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
diploid cell with two of each kind of chromosome
egg haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis
genetic recombination major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
haploid cell with one of each kind of chromosome
homologous chromosomes paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
meiosis type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell
nondisjunction failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate properly during meiosis
sexual reproduction pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells
sperm haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis
Created by: bio123
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