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Biology PP 34
Microbes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long has humans been around in a "24 hour" history? | less than 4 seconds |
| Fill in the blank: Accumulation of (blank) from photosynthetic (blank) | atmospheric O2, cyanobacteria |
| When was the mass extinction? | between the precambrian era and the paleozoic era |
| What experiment produced amino acids, sugars, and nucleotide bases in a tube? | Miller-Urey 1953 experiment |
| What was the problem with Miller-Urey experiment? | ammonia and methane wouldn't be in early atmosphere because intense UV breaks them down. |
| Lerman | Proposed Bubble Model: suppose that reactions took place within bubbles to protect ammonia and methane from UV. (Microspheres) |
| True or false: The first genetic material and enzymes may both have been DNA | FALSE. They were RNA |
| Which is more diverse: prokaryotes or eukaryotes | prokaryotes |
| How many ways can animals and prokaryotes do metabolism? | animals have 1 way; prokaryotes have at least 20 ways |
| The first cells were most likely... | chemoautotrophs |
| What is the energy source and carbon source of photoautotroph | sunlight and CO2 |
| What is the energy source and carbon source of chemoautotroph | inorganic chemicals and CO2 |
| What is the energy source and carbon source of photoheterotroph | sunlight and organic compounds |
| What is the energy source and carbon source of chemoheterotroph | organic compounds and organic compounds |
| What are the domains of prokaryotes | archaea and bacteria |
| Differences between bacteria and archaea: RNA polymerase | Bacteria: one kind simple and small; Archaea: several kinds; complex and similar to eukaryotic |
| Differences between bacteria and archaea: Introns (noncoding parts of genes) | Bacteria: absent. Archaea: present in some genes |
| Differences between bacteria and archaea: membrane lipids | Bacteria: carbon chains unbranched; Archaea: some carbon chains branched |
| where do archaea live? | in extreme environments: salt lakes, acidic hot springs, animal digestive systems |
| What did prokaryotes create on Earth? | atmosphere and soil |
| Nitrogen fixation: | makes nitrogen available |
| Are prokaryotes decomposers? | yes, we use them in sewage treatment |
| How did the eukaryotic cell originated? | probably as a community of prokaryotes via endosymbiosis |
| Evidence for endosymbiosis | mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes, have circular DNA, have prokaryote-like ribosomes, divide by binary fission |
| What are the 4 kingdom of Eukarya | Animalia, plantae, fungi, protista |
| Which kingdom of eukarya is well defined evolutionary groups and mostly multicellular | animalia, plantae, fungi |
| What kingdom of eukarya is very diverse and unicellular | protista |
| Which is the most diverse of the eukaryotic kingdom? | protists |
| Protozoa | protists that ingest their food |
| Zoomastigotes | ancestor of all animals was member of this group |
| algae | photosynthetic protists |
| seaweeds | multicellular marine algae |
| Green algae | ancestor of true plants |
| cellular slime molds | the simplest model system for cellular differentiation |
| Green algae | ancestor of true plants; microscopic and unicellular |
| brown algae | contain the largest and most photosynthetically productive living thing; multicellular and marine |
| What could multicellular life evolved from? | from colonial protists |
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