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AP Focus 11

Plant Seeds and Growth

QuestionAnswer
A combination of embryo and nutritive endosperm surrounded by a seed coat Seeds
Seed leaves Cotyledons
Digested to form cotyledons Endosperms
Has only one cotyledon Monocot
EX. Corn Cotyledon
Forms two cotyledons Dicot
EX. Peanut Dicot
Make up majority of seed, rest is embryo Cotyledons
Will become the upward growing shoot tip Epicotyl
Protective coating over the epicotyl found in several monocots Coleoptile
First leaves connected to the epicotyl Plummule
Underneath the epicotyl, this becomes the shoot Hypocotyl
Will become the root Radicle
Factors that trigger seeds to germinate Water, fire, light, temperature, digestive enzymes
Water absorption that will trigger the activation of many enzymes Inhibition
Occurs after inhibition Growth of roots and shoots
The ends of the roots and shoots that undergo mitotic division in their meristematic cells adding to the overall growth of the plant Apical meristems
Define regions of a plant Growth in roots or stems
Protects the growing cells behind it as roots push through the soil (shoots lack this structure) Root cap
Dividing meristematic cells behind the root cap Zone of Cell Division
New cells just behind the meristem grow and absorb water Zone of Elongation
Contains the cells that are differentiating Zone of Maturation
Where the cells may become vascular cells such as xylem or phloem, dermal cells, or parenchymal cells Zone of Maturation
Growth at the meristems Primary growth
Resulting cells from primary growth Primary tissues
Plants add girth (outward growth) Secondary growth
Type of growth that adds layers to woody plants such as trees Secondary growth
Vascular cambium and cork cambium Lateral meristems
Adds new secondary xylem and secondary phloem Vascular cambium
Produces the periderm Cork cambium
Layer of protection on the outside of woody plants (EX. Tree bark) Periderm
Created by: AliRutherford
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