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Botany Lab II Exam
Plant Reproduction, Photosynthesis, and Internal Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alteration of generations | reproductive cycle in which a haploid, diploid or polyploid (n) phase produces gametes, gametes after fusion or syngamy form a zygote (2n), and this sporophyte develops into a meiospore; meiospores develop into the gametophyte |
| archegonium | multicellular structure in which a single egg is produces; found in bryophytes and some vascular plants, including ferns and conifers. |
| antheridium | multicellular sperm producing structure produced by bryophytes and ferns; it is comprised of spermatogenous cells and a sterile jacket layer |
| gamete | (n) haploid or euploid sex cells produced from meiosis, have one-half the number of chromosomes of a body or somatic (2n) cell |
| gametangium | a cell or multicellular structure in which gametes are formed |
| gametophyte | the gamete producing phase in the plant life cycle |
| heteromorphic | a life history in which the gametophyte (n) and sporophyte (2n) generations are dissimilar in form; occurs in bryophytes and tracheophytes |
| heterosporous | have two kinds of spores, microspores and megaspores; most vascular plants |
| heterothallic | the gametophytic form of a given species is self-sterile or self-incompatible, thus two genetically different, compatible individuals are required for sexual reproduction to occur |
| homosporous | having only one kind of spore-bryophytes, some ferns |
| matrotrophy | nutrition provided by the maternal gametophyte to the zygote and developing embryo (sporophyte) |
| megagametophyte | in heterosporous plants, it is the female gametophyte; located within the ovule of seed plants |
| embryo sac | it is the female gametophyte; located within the ovule of seed plants |
| megasporangium | a sporangium in which megaspores are produced; also known as the nucellus |
| nucellus | a sporangium in which megaspores are produced; also known as the megasporangium |
| megaspore | in hetersporous plants, a haploid or euploid (n) spore that develops into a female gametophyte in most groups; larger than a microspore. |
| megaspore mother cell | a diploid or polyploid cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in the production of usually four megaspores |
| megasporocyte | a diploid or polyploid cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in the production of usually four megaspores; also known as megaspore mother cell |
| microgametophyte | in heterosporous plants, a spore that develops into a male gametophyte |
| micropyle | opening in the integuments of the ovule where the pollen tubes enters |
| microsporangium | a sporangium in which microspores are formed |
| microspore | in heterosporous plants, a spore that develops into a male gametophyte |
| microspore mother cell | a cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in usually four microspores, in seed plants; often referred to as a pollen mother cell |
| pollen mother cell | a cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in usually four microspores, in seed plants; often referred to as a microspore mother cell |
| microsporocyte | a cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in usually four microspores, in seed plants |
| sorus | a cluster of sporangia or spores |
| sporangium | a hollow unicellular or multicellular structure in which spores are produced |
| spore | a reproductive cell, usually unicellular, capable of developing further without fusion with another cell |
| spore mother cell | a diploid or polyploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces haploid or euploid (n) cells/spores or four (n) nuclei |
| sporophyll | a modified leaf or leaf-like organ that bears sporangia-stamens and carpels of flowering plants, fertile fronds (leaves) of ferns |
| sporophyte | the spore producing diploid or polyploid phase in the plant life cycle; those plants which have alternation of generations |
| syngamy | union of gametes (same as fertilization) |
| thallus | a type of plant body that is undifferentiated into roots, stems and leaves |
| three types of variations of alternation of generations | zygotic meiosis, gametic meiosis, sporic meiosis |
| zygotic meiosis | two haploid eukaryotic cells combined to form a diploid zygote, zygote then immediately divided by meiosis into haploid cells; can also be some algae and fungi |
| gametic meiosis | zygotes began to divide mitotically instead of meiotically; mitotic division process would now allow for the formation of multicellular organisms that are comprised of diploid cells; diploid cells will have a delayed meiosis, resulting in gametes |
| gametes in gametic meiosis | haploid; when gametes fuse this immediately restores the diploid state; only haploid portion of the life cycle |
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brownali11
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