Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CH 9 and 10
EXAM 3 Plant Organization, Function, and Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Flowering plants | Monocots and Dicots |
| Cotyledons are... | seed leaves for embryonic plants |
| 1 cotyledon | monocot (also called Eudicots) |
| 2 cotyledons | dicot (also called Eudicots) |
| Basic tissue types: | Meristem cells, Dermal cells, Paraenchyma cells, Xylem, Phloem |
| Meristem cells | responsible for growth |
| Dermal cells | Endodermis and epidermis; surround the plant |
| Paraenchyma cells | General, unspecialized cells |
| Xylem | Brings water and nutrients up from roots |
| Phloem | Brings sugars up from roots or down from leaves depending on the season |
| Root system - different zones | Zone of maturation, Zone of elongation, Zone of cell division, Root cap |
| Zone of maturation | fully differentiate (specialized) |
| Zone of elongation | cells get longer and specialized root hairs form |
| Zone of cell division | full of root apical meristem cells |
| Root cap | hardened cells |
| Root structures: | Monocot root and Dicot root (label both) |
| Shoot system: stems - always have | nodes and internodes |
| nodes | place where either a leaf, a bud, or another stem attaches |
| internodes | space between nodes |
| Buds - primary growth... | shoot apical meristem cells; protected by bud scales |
| Stem structures: | Monocot stems and Dicot stems (label both) |
| Secondary (woody) growth in dicots...In woody dicots,... | the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem for more than one year |
| Xylem cells have... | rigid cell walls and do not collapse under pressure |
| Most of a woody stem is comprised of | xylem cells |
| Phloem cells have... | thinner cell walls and become the inner bark as the woody plant grows and crushes them against the outer bark |
| Leaves - parts: | Blade, Petiole (attachment to stem), Leaf veins (vascular tissue) |
| Leaf structure: | Epidermis, Mesophyll, Leaf vein, Guard cells (label) |
| [Water transport in plants] Xylem - | made up of two types of cells (Trachieds and vessel elements) |
| Trachieds | tubular with pits between ends of cells |
| vessel elements | open ended tubes (Water must travel a long way against gravity) |
| water is _____ ... | polar; The electrons shared by H and O spend more time circling the O than the Hs; This uneven sharing creates a negative charge on the O side and positive charge on the H side |
| Cohesion | The negative side of one water molecule is held to the positive end of another water molecule (The cohesion can hold together a long thin column of water) |
| Transpiration | Water evaporates from the mesophyll cells in the leaf out through the stomata (This pulls water up through the water column in the xylem) |
| Cohesion-tension theory | Explains the upward movement of WATER in the xylem based on transpiration and the cohesion of WATER |
| Stomata (singular = stoma) | Occur on the leaves and are openings to the atmosphere |
| Dilemma: | Stomata want to be open for photosynthesis to let CO2 in; Stomata want to be closed when conditions are dry to conserve water |
| Guard cells | One on each side of the stoma |
| When the guard cells are full of water... | the stoma is open |
| If water is low in the guard cells... | the stoma is closed |
| When water is plentiful, the guard cells... | photosynthesize heavily |
| Photosynthesis creates lots of | ATP |
| ATP powers a potassium pump to... | bring potassium (K+) into the cell (This fills the cell with potassium) |
| Osmotic pressure draws water into the cell causing it to... | swell and open |
| When water is scarce, the guard cells... | reduce their rate of photosynthesis |
| ATP production stops and there is no ______ to run the potassium pump | energy (Potassium leaks out of the cell) |
| Osmotic pressure draws water out of the cell causing it to... | shrink and close |
| [Organic nutrient transport] Phloem transports _____; It consists of | organic solutes (mostly sugars); sieve tubes and companion cells |
| Sieve tubes | Tubular cells separated by sieve plates. No nuclei |
| Companion cells | Have nuclei and care for sieve tubes |
| _____ is actively pumped into sieve tubes | Sugar |
| Water moves into the sieve tubes by _____ | osmosis (This creates a pressure and pushes the sugars and water to areas where sugars are being produced ) |
| The sugar moves along a concentration gradient from _____ to _____ | source to sink |
| Source | (higher concentration); Sugar producing tissues such as leaves; Food-storage tissue like a root where stored food (starch) is being converted to sucrose |
| Sink | (lower concentration); Food-storage tissue like a root which is converting sugar to starch for later use; A growing leaf which is using up sugars |
| Pressure-flow hypothesis | Explains the transport of SUGAR in the phloem from a source to a sink |
| [Flowering plant reproduction] Asexual | (vegetative reproduction); Plants put out lateral shoots from which young plants grow; Example: strawberry runners |
| Sexual | (Flowers); The 2n sporophyte (the plant) produces spores (1n) by meiosis |
| The anther produces four microspores that become... | four pollen grains (male gametophytes) |
| The ovary produces four megaspores, three die, and one develops into... | an embryo sac (female gametophyte) |
| The embryo sac divides by mitosis to create... | 8 nuclei |
| The pollen attaches to the stigma and the pollen develops _____ | a tube |
| One sperm merges with the egg to from _____ | an embryo |
| One sperm merges with the two polar nuclei to form _____ | the 3n endosperm |
Created by:
chelsea_2010
Popular Biology sets