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Unit 2 Test Green
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the major components of air? | 99% Nitrogen and Oxygen, 0.93% Argon, 0.039% Carbon Dioxide, and the rest is all other gas. |
| What are some variable components in the air? | Water vapor, dust particles, and ozone and pollutants , salt, and pollen. |
| How does weather differ from climate? | Weather is constantly changing and climate is based on observations of weather over many years. |
| What are secondary pollutants? | Pollutants not emitted directly into the air, but created when reactions take place between primary pollutants and other substances. |
| What are the four parts of the atmosphere? | Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere |
| Describe the Troposphere. | All weather and life takes place here, 75% of all atmosphere is here, and the temperature steadily decreases from 20 degrees celsius to about -60 degrees celsius. |
| Describe the Stratosphere. | Ozone layer is in this sphere, airplanes fly here to avoid turbulance, there is a constant increase in temperature from -60 degrees celsius to 0 degrees celsius. |
| Describe the Mesosphere. | not many molecules, coldest sphere, meteors occur, and a constant decrease in temp. 0 degrees celsius to -80 degrees celcius. |
| Describe the Thermosphere. | fewer molecules, auroras occur here, extends very far away, and there is a LARGE increase in temp from 0 degrees celsius to 50 degrees and above. |
| What is air? | a mixture of different gases and particles with its own physical properties, it varies based on time and place |
| why does air stay around the earth? | gravity |
| What is the ozone hole problem? | CFC's, released when they were commonly used in refrigerators and in aerosol cans, eventually made their way to the stratosphere where the chlorine interacts with the O3 to make ClO and then the chlorine my break off again when the single O adds another. |
| How do we know that the CFC's are to blame? | Chlorine was found in the stratosphere, but it is too dense to have gotten there without the help of the CFC molecule. Also, scientists recorded that when ClO increased, O3 decreased. |
| Why is ozone good up high but bad nearby? | It blocks UV rays up high but is bad nearby because it is bad to breathe in. |
| Where are CFC's stable v. unstable? | They are stable in the troposphere but higher up they break because of the UV rays/ |
| What is the consequence of bad ozone? | It can make breathing difficult for animals and can also effect plants. |
| Why was the hole in the ozone layer above Antartica? | Because the ice crystals are a good place for ozone reactions to take place. |
| Why is the ozone layer important? | protects life from harmful UV rays by absorbing it and re-radiating it as longer wavelengths. UV causes skin cancer, sunburn, harm to eyes, and harm to delicate organisms. |
| What are the 3 major greenhouse gases? | CO2, water vapor, and methane |
| What are the percentages of reflected, absorbed by atmosphere, and absorbed by Earth energy is there? | 30% reflected, 20% absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds directly, and 50% absorbed by Earth's hydrosphere and geosphere. |
| Describe the "natural greenhouse effect" | Solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface is absorbed and re-radiated as infrared wavelengths into the atmosphere where GHG are selective absorbers that absorb and re-radiate the energy. so that earth is warmed w/o direct sunlight. |
| WHy coudl the atmosphere not hold helium and hydrogen? | they were not dense enough |
| How are visable light, UV rays, and Infrared alike and different? | 99% of suns rays are UV rays, infrared, and visable light. |
| What is a VOC? | Volatile Organic Compound |
| What are the five major primary pollutants humans have put into the air? | Carbon Monoxide (fossil fuel burning), Sulfur Oxides (coal), Nitrogen Oxides (transportation), VOCs (nonchemical, smell bad, industrial/transportation), and Particulates (construction) |
| What are the five main sources of these pollutants? | Transportation, Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial Process, Miscellaneous, and Solid Waste Disposal |
| Why are CFCs longliving? | They do not react with much. |
| What is the zenith? | when the sun is directly over head |
| Where is the tropic of cancer and the tropic of capricorn? | cancer = 66.5 degrees north and capricorn= 66.5 degrees south |
| Does the sun ever reach zenith in Wellelsey? | No |
| When is the amount of day and night the same everywhere on earht? | autumnal and vernal equinoxes |
| How many earths could you fit into the sun? | 109 |
| what gases make up the sun? | 90% hydrogen, 10% helium and trace amounts of all others |
| why are hydrogen and helium on the sun? | Because they are so light that they go to cold and more massive plants, sun is massive |
| What 6 major elements make up the earth? | Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminium, Iron, Calcium, and Sodium |
| how many elements are there? | 112 |
| What is nuclear fusion? | When Hydrogen + Hydrogen -> Helium and Energy, a pinhead of this creates more energy than 100,000 tons of coal |
| What is nuclear fission? | when an unstable atom is made to decay and lose its parts so that the nucleus is "splitting" |
| How is bad ozone created? | from VOCs and pollutants that interact with UV rays to make O3 |
| What are the 3 forms of energy? | Conduction (touching molecules), Convection (fluid rises and falls b/c heat affects density/ movement of energy by rise&fall), and Radiation (energy waves traveling through nothing/ not interacting with mass) |
| What are the parts of the sun? | Interior (core and radiation/convection zone), photosphere, chromosphere, and the corona. |
| What protects us from solar wind? | Earth's magnetic field |
| How long doe sit take for the light of sun to reach the earth? | 8 minutes |
| what objects produce shorter wavelengths? | Hotter ovjects |
| What are good absorbers also good emitters of? | radiation |
| Is the sun continuous, absorption, or emission? | continuous but once it goes through the atmosphere it is absorption |
| In nuclear fusion, why is the energy released from a small amount of gas so great? | because the speed of light is so great according to E=MC2 |
| What are all the wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum? | gamma rays, X-rays, UV rays, visable light, infrared, microwaves |
| How can light be described? | As waves or particles |
| What are photons? | Photons are particles of light that push on matter |
| What is spectroscopy? | study of properties of light, there are three types of spectra, continuous, absorption, and emission |
| What causes continuous? | incandescent solid, liquid, or gas under high pressure- full rainbow |
| What causes absorption? | visable light passes through relatively cool gas under low pressure. continuous with dark lines throughout it |
| What causes emission> | hot gas under low pressure, bands of rainbow colors with black background |
| How does the density of molecules change with altitude? | It decreases |
| How fast does Electromagnetic radiation travel? | 300,000 km per second |
| What are the 4 laws governing radiation? | 1) all objects emit radiant energy 2) Hotter objects radiate more total energy per unit than colder 3) Hottest radiating bodies produce the shortest wavelengths and max radiation 4) objects that are good absorbers=good emitters |
| What is a selective absorber? | A gas that does not absorb certain wavelengths of radiation but is a good absorber of others. |
Created by:
korinna.garfield
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