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BIO Semester 1 final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biodiversity | the variety of live across the biosphere |
| Characteristics of living things | 1. all organisms are made up cells 2. All organisms need a source of energy for their life processes 3. All organisms react to their environment to survive 4. Must have the ability to produce new off spring |
| Cells | The basic unit of life |
| Reason for reproducing | to pass on genetic information |
| Genetic information | DNA |
| Evolution | the change in living things over time (creates a change in genetic make up) |
| Adaptations | Changes in a species over many generations due to the environmental pressures--not choice |
| Natural Selection | survival of the fittest |
| Nucleic Acids | Instructions to build proteins and where genetic information is stored |
| DNA and RNA | Nucleic Acids |
| Population | a group of organisms in the same species |
| Abiotic Factors | Non-living |
| Biotic Factors | Living |
| Autotroph | make own food (producer) |
| Heterotroph | Gets energy by eating other living things or once living things (consumer) |
| Keystone Species | a species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem |
| Food Web | a complex network of feeding relationships and the flow of energy |
| Mutualism | ecological relationship between two species in which each species gets a benefit from the interaction |
| Commensalism | ecological relationship in which one species receives a benefit but the other species is not affected one way or another |
| Parasitism | ecological relationship in which one organism benefits by harming another organism |
| Predation | process by which one organism hurts and kills another organism for food |
| exponential growth | when a population size increases dramatically and does not level off |
| logistic growth | begins with a period of slow growth followed by a brief period of exponential growth, eventually reaching carrying capacity |
| carrying capacity | the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that the environment can normally and consistently support |
| runs low on food and space | when the carrying capacity has been hit |
| Cell Cycle | regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication and cell division |
| Mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus and its contents |
| 2 genetically identical daughter cells | the product of mitosis |
| interphase | preparing to divide (copies DNA) |
| prophase | nuclear envelope begins to break down, spindle fibers form and centrioles begin to move to opposite poles |
| metaphase | spindle fibers attach on the centromere of each chromosome and the chromosomes align along the equator of the cell |
| anaphase | chromosomes separate from each other and move to opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, nuclear membranes start to form, chromosomes start to uncoil and spindle fibers fall apart |
| Binary Fission | asexual reproduction of a single celled organism by division into 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell |
| cancer | uncontrolled cell division where the cells contribute nothing to the body's function, but take up food and blood supply |
| normal cells that have genes that have been damaged and now carry mutated genes and divide more rapidly than healthy cells | cancer cells |
Created by:
cjtoths
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