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Chapter 2.3

Water and solutions

QuestionAnswer
polar the uneven distribution of charge
hydrogen a force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge
cohesion a attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together
adhesion a attractive force between two particels of different substances
capillarity an attraction between molecules that result in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid
solution mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance
solute a substance dissolved in the solvent
solvent substance in which that solute is dissolved
concentration amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of the solution
saturned solution no solute can be dissolved
aqueous solution solutions in which water is the solvent, important to living things
hydroxide ion the OH- ion
hydronium ion an ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water
acid any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salt
base any compund that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts
pH scale a range of values that are used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a system; each whole numer on the scale indicates a tenfold change in acidity; a pH of 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, greater is basic
buffer a solution made from a weak acid its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it
Created by: southm15
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