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JRA Weather Factors
Electro. spectrum, thermal energy, wind, clouds, + precipitation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A form of energy that can travel through space. | Electromagnetic wave |
| The distance between waves. | Wavelength |
| The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. | Radiation |
| Statement 1 | Most of the energy from the sun reaches Earth in the form of visible light and infrared radiation, and a small amount of ultraviolet radiation. |
| The top of each wave on the electromagnetic spectrum. | Crest |
| The longest waves on the electromagnetic spectrum that can be the size of between a truck and the Rocky Mts. | Radio waves |
| The second longest waves on the electromagnetic spectrum that is the size of a die. | Micro waves |
| A form of energy that has wavelengths longer than visible light and is the size of the tip of a pin. | Infrared radiation |
| The mixture of colors we can see on the electromagnetic spectrum that are the size of a bacterial cell. | Visible light |
| A form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light and are the size of a DNA molecule. | Ultraviolet radiation |
| The second shortest rays on the electromagnetic spectrum that are the size of an atom. | X-rays |
| The shortest rays on the electromagnetic spectrum that are the size of a nucleus. | Gamma rays |
| These give off red visible light and infrared radiation in restaurants to heat food. | Heat lamps |
| These are caused by ultraviolet radiation. | Sunburns, eye damage, and skin cancer |
| The percentage of electromagnetic waves that is absorbed into the ground especially by dark green biomes like oceans and jungles. | 50% |
| The percentage of electromagnetic waves reflected off the ground especially by deserts and arctic regions. | 15% |
| The percentage of electromagnetic waves reflected off of clouds by cloud cover. | 35% |
| The two gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation. | Water vapor and carbon dioxide |
| The layer in the stratosphere that absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation. | Ozone layer |
| The reflection of light in all directions. | Scattering |
| These wavelengths are scattered more often than other wavelengths. | Shorter wavelengths |
| Statement 2 | When Earth's surface is heated, it radiates some of the energy back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation. |
| The process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases that form a "blanket" around Earth. | Greenhouse effect |
| Small particles in gases that are constantly moving. | Molecules |
| The total energy of motion in the molecules of a substance. | Thermal energy |
| The average amount of energy of motion of each molecule of a substance. | Temperature |
| The boiling point of water, room temperature, freezing point of water, and absolute zero on the Fahrenheit scale. | 212, 70, 32, -460 |
| The boiling point of water, room temperature, freezing point of water, and absolute zero on the Celsius scale. | 100, 20, 0, -273 |
| The boiling point of water, room temperature, freezing point of water, and absolute zero on the Kelvin scale. | 373, 295, 273, 0 |
| Statement 3 | Air temperature is usually measured with a thermometer. |
| An instrument used to measure temperature, consisting of a thin, glass tube with a bulb on one end that is filled with liquid (usually mercury or colored alcohol). | Thermometer |
| The units in which temperature is measured. | Degrees |
| People who use the Celsius scale. | Scientists |
| People who use the Fahrenheit scale. | Weather reporters in the United States |
| The energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one. | Heat |
| Statement 4 | Heat is transferred in three ways: radiation, conduction, and convection. |
| The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching. | Conduction |
| The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas). | Convection |
| The density level of warm air in a convection current. | Low |
| The density level of cold air in a convection current. | High |
| The layer in the atmosphere in which all three types of transfer work together to heat it. | Troposphere |
| The type of heat transfer that heats most of the troposphere. | Convection |
| The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cold air form this. | Convection current |
| The horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. | Wind |
| Statement 5 | All winds are caused by differences in air pressure. |
| Most differences in air pressure are caused by this. | Unequal heating of Earth's surface |
| Less dense air has this level of air pressure. | Low |
| The two things by which wind is determined. | Direction and speed |
| An instrument that determines wind direction. | Weather vane |
| An instrument that is used to measure wind speed. | Anemometer |
| A part of an anemometer that displays the wind speed. | Speedometer |
| Increased cooling caused by the wind. | Wind-chill factor |
| Winds that blow over short distances. | Local winds |
| Statement 6 | Local winds are caused by unequal heating of Earth's surface within a small area. |
| The amount of energy that is needed to heat up a section of water versus an equal area of land. | More |
| A local wind that blows from the ocean or a lake to the land during the day. | Sea breeze |
| A local wind that blows from the land to a body of water during the night. | Land breeze |
| Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons. | Monsoons |
| The monsoon that is important for crops to grow in Southeast Asia. | Summer monsoon |
| The local wind that occurs during a summer monsoon in Nepal. | Sea breeze |
| The local wind that occurs during a winter monsoon in Nepal. | Land breeze |
| Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances. | Global winds |
| The phenomenon that occurs when convection currents cause thunderstorms. | Convectional precipitation |
| Statement 7 | The movement of air between the equator and the poles produces global winds. |
| The Way Earth's rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left (named after French mathematician who explained it in 1835). | Coriolis effect |
| The two calm areas of the Earth. | Doldrums and horse latitudes |
| Statement 8 | The major global wind belts are the trade winds, the prevailing westerlies, and the polar easterlies. |
| Regions near the equator with little or no wind. | Doldrums |
| The distance from the equator, measured in degrees. | Latitude |
| The 30 degrees north and south latitudes where wind stops moving toward the poles and sinks (had to throw horses into water because not enough food and water). | Horse latitudes |
| Steady easterly winds that blow between 30 degrees north or south and the equator (sailors used them to bring cargo from Europe to the West Indies and South America). | Trade winds |
| The winds that blow toward the east because of the Coriolis effect between 30 degrees north or south and 60 degrees north or south (major factor of weather for United States). | Prevailing westerlies |
| The winds that blow towards the west because of the Coriolis effect that meet the prevailing westerlies at 60 degrees north and south latitudes (also major effect on United State's weather). | Polar easterlies |
| Bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface that pilots use to travel quickly. | Jet streams |
| The direction jet streams blow in. | West to east |
| The movement of water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface. | Hydrologic cycle |
| The process by which water molecules in liquid water in bodies of water escape into the air as water vapor. | Evaporation |
| The process by which water molecules in liquid water in plants escape into the air as water vapor. | Transpiration |
| A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. | Humidity |
| The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature (changes often). | Relative humidity |
| Warm air can hold this amount of water vapor versus cold air. | More |
| Statement 9 | Relative humidity can be measured with a psychrometer. |
| An instrument used to measure relative humidity, consisting of a wet-bulb thermometer and a dry-bulb thermometer (wet cloth on wet-bulb). | Psychrometer |
| This will happen to a wet-bulb thermometer of a psychrometer if the relative humidity is high. | Temperature will not change |
| This will happen to a wet-bulb thermometer of a psychrometer if the relative humidity is low. | Temperature will drop |
| The relative humidity using a psychrometer is found by doing this. | Comparing the temperatures of both thermometers |
| A type of psychrometer that has the two thermometers attached to a handle. | Sling psychrometer |
| Statement 10 | Clouds of all kinds form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water or ice crystals. |
| The process by which water vapor molecules in the air become liquid water. | Condensation |
| The temperature at which condensation begins. | Dew point |
| The dew point has to be below this for water vapor to change directly to ice crystals. | Freezing point of water |
| In order for water vapor to condense, these need to be present so the water vapor has a surface to condense onto. | Tiny particles (salt crystals, dust from soil, + smoke) |
| Water that condenses from the air to a cold surface. | Dew |
| Ice that has been directly deposited from the air onto a cold surface. | Frost |
| The side of a mountain facing the oncoming wind. | Windward side |
| The downwind side of a mountain. | Leeward side |
| A phenomenon that occurs on the leeward side of a mountain and receives little light and precipitation. | rain shadow |
| An area often created on the leeward side of a mountain because winds traveling over the mountain become warmer. | desert |
| Statement 11 | Meteorologists classify clouds into three main types: cumulus, stratus, and cirrus. |
| Fluffy clouds that indicate fair weather and are usually low to the ground (Latin for "heap" or "mass"). | Cumulus clouds |
| Towering clouds with flat tops that produce thunderstorms. | Cumulonimbus clouds |
| The Latin suffix that means "rain". | -nimbus |
| Clouds that are somewhat fluffy and somewhat wispy and that indicate that there is a storm coming. | Cirrocumulus clouds |
| Clouds that form in flat layers that cover most of the sky (strato- Latin for "spread out). | Stratus clouds |
| Thicker stratus clouds that produce drizzle, rain, or snow. | Nimbostratus clouds |
| Cumulus clouds that are very high in the sky. | Altocumulus clouds |
| Stratus clouds that are very high in the sky. | Altostratus clouds |
| Stratus clouds that are made of ice crystals. | Cirrostratus clouds |
| Wispy clouds made mostly of ice crystals that form at high levels. | Cirrus clouds |
| Cirrus clouds that have "hooked" ends. | Mare's tail |
| The prefix that means "high" | Alto- |
| Clouds that form at or near the ground during the night after a warm, humid day. | Fog |
| Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface. | Precipitation |
| For precipitation to occur, this must happen. | Cloud droplets or ice crystals become heavy enough to fall |
| The smallest droplet of precipitation. | Cloud droplet |
| The second smallest droplet of precipitation. | Mist droplet |
| The second largest droplet of precipitation. | Drizzle droplet |
| The largest droplet of precipitation. | Raindrop |
| Statement 12 | Common types of precipitation include rain, sleet, freezing rain, hail, and snow. |
| The most common type of precipitation that is at least 0.5 millimeters in diameter. | Rain |
| Precipitation made up of smaller drops than rain that fall from nimbostratus clouds. | Mist and drizzle |
| Ice particles smaller than 5 millimeters in diameter that from when raindrops fall through a section of air high in the atmosphere that is at or below the freezing point of water. | Sleet |
| A type of precipitation that forms just like sleet, except that rain falls through cold air near the ground and freezes when it hits the ground. | Freezing rain |
| Round pellets of ice larger than 5 millimeters in diameter that form when updrafts in a cloud carry the pellet up and down in the cold region, forming layers on the pellet. | Hail |
| The type of cloud from which hail forms. | Cumulonimbus (during thunderstorm) |
| Ice crystals that form when water vapor in clouds is converted directly into these. | Snowflakes (snow) |
| Snowflakes have these. | Six sides or branches and an intricate pattern |
| A snowflake's pattern may be hard to see because of this. | Snowflakes join together in clumps |
| Statement 13 | Meteorologists measure rainfall with a rain gauge. |
| An instrument used to measure the amount of precipitation, consisting of an open-ended can topped with a collecting funnel and having a collecting tube and measuring scale inside. | rain gauge |
| When using a rain gauge with a funnel, you need to do this to get the accurate amount of rainfall. | Divide the number by 10 |
| Snowfall is measured by doing either of these two things. | Using a ruler or melting collected snow and measuring the depth of the water it produces |
| Long periods of low precipitation. | Droughts |
| A method scientists use to produce rain during droughts in which tiny crystals of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) and silver iodide are sprinkled into clouds from airplanes. | Cloud seeding |
| Cloud seeding has also been used for this. | Clear fog from airports (only cold fog) |
| To figure out the amount of rainfall when you already have the amount of snowfall, do this. | Divide by 10 |
Created by:
LOSBH47
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