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SUPA 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| annuals | herbaceous plants that grow, reproduce and die in a year or less |
| biennials | plants with a 2 year life cycle |
| perrenials | plants that can live more than 2 years |
| ground tissue system | composes MOST of the plant body |
| 3 ground tissues | parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma |
| function of ground tissue | varied-includes photosynthesis, storage, and support |
| parenchyma | ground tissue with thin primary cell walls |
| collenchyma | ground tissue with unevenly thickened cell walls |
| sclerenchyma | ground tissue with primary and secondary cell walls |
| vascular tissue system | conducts materials throughout plant; made of xylem and phloem |
| dermal tissue system | covers the plant body |
| cellulose | carbohydrate of cell walls |
| lignin | component of secondary cell walls |
| 2 main cell types of xylem | tracheids and vessel elements |
| xylem | conducts water and minerals upward |
| 2 main cell types of phloem | sieve tube members and companion cells |
| plasmodesmata | cytoplasmic connections through which cytoplasm extends from one cell to another |
| 2 tissues of dermal tissue | epidermis and periderm |
| epidermis | outer layer of herbaceous planta |
| cuticle | waxy covering of epidermis |
| stomata | pores in the epidermis of leaves |
| guard cells | control the opening and closing of stomata |
| trichomes | outgrowths of the epidermis |
| root hairs | simple trichomes |
| periderm | replaces the epidermis in woody plants |
| components of periderm | cork cells and cork parenchyma |
| meristem | area a plant cell division/growth |
| primary growth | refers to an increase in stem and root length |
| secondary growth | refers to an increase in the diameter of a plant |
| apical meristems | tips of roots and shoots where primary growth occurs |
| lateral meristems | areas of cell division extending the entire length of stem and roots, except tips; responsible for secondary growth |
| 2 lateral meristems | 1) vascular cambium 2) cork cambium |
| vascular cambium | cylindrical layer of meristematic cells within the stem and root; adds more cells to wood (secondary xylem) and inner bark (secondary phloem) |
| cork cambium | thin cylinder of meristematic cells located in the outer bark |
| petiole | attaches leaf blade to the stem |
| veins | strands of vascular tissue through leaves |
| mesophyll | photosynthetic ground tissue of the leaf |
| parts of dicot mesophyll | 1) palisade 2) spongy |
| palisade mesophyll | main site of photosynthesis |
| spongy mesophyll | allows for diffusion of carbon dioxide into the leaf |
| bundle sheath | supports the veins |
| transpiration | evaporation of water from leaves |
| terminal bud | embryonic shoot located at the tip of the stem |
| axillary bud | lateral buds located in the axils of plant leaves |
| scattered | how vascular bundles are arranged in monocot stems |
| circular | how vascular bundles are arranged in dicot stems |
| cortex | the tissue between the epidermis and vascular tissue in many stems and roots of herbaceous plants |
| pith | ground tissue at the center of a herbaceous dicot stem |
| tension-cohesion | how water travels upward in the xylem |
| taproot | one main root |
| fibrous | several to many roots of the same size |
| adventitious | roots that develop from stems |
| root cap | protective covering of a root tip |
| root hairs | elongated epidermal cells of root to increase surface area |
| stele | cylinder in the center of roots and stems that contains vascular tissue |
| endodermis | inner layer of the root cortex through which water and minerals pass to enter the xylem |
| symplast | continuum of living cytoplasm connected by plasmodesmata |
| pericycle | outermost layer of the stele that gives rise to lateral roots |
| angiosperms | flowering plants |
| gametophyte generation | haploid form of plants |
| sporophyte generation | diploid portion of the life cycle of plants |
| stamen | male reproductive organ |
| carpel | female reproductive organ |
| pollen grain | male gametophyte that produces sperm |
| stigma | portion of the female flower on which pollen grains land |
| style | female portion of carpel through which the pollen tube grows |
| ovary | portion of the carpel containing one or more ovules |
| ovule | can develop into a seed |
| double fertilization | 2 fertilizations one resulting in a zygote, the other resulting in an endosperm |
| cotyledons | embryonic seed leaves |
| fruit | ripened ovary |
| drupe | simple fleshy fruit that contains a hard pit; peach |
| berry | simple fleshy fruit in which the fruit wall is soft; tomato |
| aggregate | a fruit that develops from a single flower with several to many pistils; blackberry |
| accessory | a fruit composed primarily of tissue other than ovary tissue; apple |
| nut | a simple dry fruit that has a stony wall and does not split open at maturity; acorn |
| coleoptile | sheath of cells that surrounds and protects the young shoots of monocots |
| phytochrome | a pigment involved in light responses |
| phototropism | directional grwoth of a plant caused by light |
| auxin | plant hormone involved in elongation and apical dominance |
| apical dominance | inhibition of lateral buds by a shoot tip |
| gibberellin | plant hormone involved in stem elongation, flowering, and seed germination |
| cytokinin | plant hormone promoting cell division |
| ethylene | plant hormone promoting fruit ripening |
| abscisic acid | plant hormone promoting seed dormancy |
| make up of bark | phloem, cork cambium, cork |
| wood | secondary xylem |
Created by:
gaffney
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