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exam3 bio ch 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell division plays important roles in the 3 following | reproduction, growth, regeneration |
| mitosis | asexual cell division which produces genetically identical cells |
| this process halves the nuclear chromosome content and generates diversity | meiosis |
| what two process produce genetically identical cells | binary fission and mitosis |
| difference in Sexual and Asexual reproduction | asexual only involves one parent whereas 2 are necessary in sexual |
| What process of cell division forms gametes | meiosis |
| gametes | sperm or eggs |
| All cells in your body contain two sets of chromosomes (homologous pairs) except for | sperm and egg |
| somatic cells | all cells in your body except the sperm and egg that are dipoid |
| diploid | contain two sets of 23 chromosomes from each parent "2n" |
| haploid | contains only one set of chromosome, onle one chromosome (homolog) from each ofthe 23 homologous pairs "n" |
| fertilization | two haploid gametes(egg and sperm)fuse to form a diploid zygote. |
| 4 events that must occur for cell division | 1reproductive signal ( to initiate cell division) 2replication of dna 3segregation ( distribution of the dna into the two new cells) 4 cytokinesis (division ofthe sytoplasm and separation of the two new cells) |
| Prokaryotic cell division | Binary fission, begins at ori site and ends and ter site, cytokinesis is the last step |
| interphase | cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division |
| mitotic (m) phase | mitosis division of nucleus and cytokinesis division of cytoplasm |
| 90% of cell cycle in eukaryotes is what phase | interphase |
| 3 subphases of interphase: | G1(gap 1) S phase (synthesis) and g2 (gap2) |
| S Phase (synthesis) of interphase | dna is replicated by individual chromosomes replicating |
| G2 Gap 2 o f interphase | the cell prepares for mitosis, synthesizes microtubules for segregating chromosomes |
| Mitosis | division of the nucleus |
| 5 stages of mitosis | prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase PPMAT |
| cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm |
| Cytokineses differs in animal and plant cells. | plant: vesicles from golgi apparatus form cell plate Animal: plama membrane pinches with a contractile ring formed by microfilaments of actin and myosin |
| meiosis | sexual , halves the nuclear chromosome content consists of 2 nuclear division but dna is only replicated 1 time |
| 3 functions of meiosis | reduce chromosome # from diploid to haploid ensure that each haploid has a complete set of chromosomes\ generate diversity among the products |
| mutation | changes in an organisms dna (original source of genetic diversity) |
| 3 mechanisms contributing to genetic variation | crossing over , independent asortment of chromosomes, random fertilization |
| Crossing over | begin early in prophase 1 as homologous chromosomes pair up gene by gene.creating recombinant chromosomes |
| how many homologous pairs or chromosomes in humans | 23 pairs, and more htan 8 mill (2^23) possible compinations of chromosomes |
| random fertilizaion | human egg cell is fertilized randomly by one sperm leading to genetic variety in the zygote |
| translocation , and what disease could it potentially cause | happens if crossing over btwn non homologous chromosome occurs. ex leukemia |
Created by:
kroot1
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