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Chapter_4_Cells_FC
Vocab from Chapter 4 of Holt Modern Biology: Cell Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life | Cell |
| What are the three essential parts of the Cell Theory | - All living organisms are composed of one or more cells - Cells are the basic unit of structure and function - Cells come from the reproduction of other cells |
| This is the cell's outer boundary, which covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and the outside of a cell | Plasma membrane |
| These are organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles | Prokaryotes |
| These are organisms made out of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles | Eukaryotes |
| These are subcellular structures that are well-defined, intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell | Organelles |
| Groups of cells and their products that carry out a specific function | Tissues |
| Groups of tissues that perform a particular job in an organism | Organs |
| A group of organs that accomplish related tasks | Organ systems |
| A double layer of phospholipids that line up so that their heads point outward toward the water and their tails point inward, away from water | Phospholipid bilayer |
| The structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein; they are condensed threads of chromatin | Chromosomes |
| A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus | Nuclear envelope |
| A denser area within the nucleus, the site where DNA is concentrated when in the process of making ribosomes | Nucleolus |
| Organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm | Ribosomes |
| Tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Mitochondria |
| System of membranous tubes and sacs that functions as an intercellular highway upon which molecules move from one part of the cell to the other | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| System of membranous tubes and sacs that receive vesicles from the ER and modifies the contents | Golgi apparatus |
| Vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus that contain digestive enzymes | Lysosomes |
| A network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol | Cytoskeleton |
| Hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin. They hold organelles in place, maintain a cell's shape, and act as tracks to guide organelles and molecules within the cell | Microtubules |
| Long threads of the protein actin that contribute to cell movement, including crawling and muscle cell contraction | Microfilaments |
| Hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement | Cilia and Flagella |
| Two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other; they organize the microtubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division | Centrioles |
| A rigid layer that lies outside the cell's plasma membrane; contains a carbohydrate called cellulose | Cell wall |
| A large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes and other materials | Central vacuole |
| Organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA; these are exclusive to plants | Plastids |
| These use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water | Chloroplasts |
| A system of flattened, membranous sacs within the chloroplast | Thylakoids |
| A green pigment that absorbs light and captures light energy for the cell | Chlorophyll |
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