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Biology Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active site | The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds |
| acid | A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
| activation energy | The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start |
| adhesion | The attraction between different kinds of molecules |
| amino acid | An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins |
| ATP(Adenosine triphosphate) | An adenin-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are broken. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells |
| bond energy | The quality of energy that must be absorbed to break a particular kind of chemical bond; equal to the quantity of enrgy the bond releases when it forms. |
| buffer | A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution |
| carbohydrate | A sugar(monosaccharide) or one of its dimers(disaccharides)or polymers(polysaccharides) |
| catalyst | A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
| chemical bond | An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms; the bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells |
| chemical energy | Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules; a form of potential energy |
| chemical reaction | A process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds |
| cholesterol | A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids |
| coenzyme | An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes in important metabolic reactions |
| cohesion | The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds |
| dehyration reaction | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule |
| diffusion | The spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area |
| disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis |
| endergonic reaction | A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings |
| exergonic reaction | A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy |
| catalyst | Substance which starts or speeds up chemical reactions and are not consumed or altered in the reaction |
| saturated fat | Lipid in which all available spots for hydrogen atoms are filled |
| unsaturated fat | Lipid in which bonding sites for hydrogen atoms are still available |
| substrate | The substance which is being acted on by another substance |
| molecule | 2 or more atoms bonded together covalently |
| compound | 2 or more elements bonded together ionically |
| enzyme | A specialized protein acting as a biological catalyst |
| hydrophobic | Substances which will not mix or dissolve in water |
| hydrophilic | Substances which will mix and dissolve in water |
| polymer | Macromolecule made by bonding smaller units together to form the very large molecule |
| monomer | A single unit of an organic macromolecule |
| polar molecule | Molecule which contains both a negative and positive charge |
| non-polar | Substances in which the molecules have either a neutral or one charge only |
| Organic | Substances/molecule which possess carbon and hydrogen bonded together Ex C6 H12 O6 |
| Inorganic | Substances/molecules which do not possess carbon and hydrogen bonded together Ex H20 |
| Monosaccharide | A single monomer sugar/carbohydrate organic macromolecule |
| Polysaccharide | Many smaller carbohydrate monomers bonded together to form organic macromolecules |
Created by:
Thao Co
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