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A&P 2 lecture
Digestion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the path of food thru the alimentry canal | oral cavity, phrynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine large intestine |
| accessory organs | salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas |
| functions of the digestive system | ingestion-eating mechanical proccess - chewing digestion-chemical processing secretion - liquid substances released during digestion absorption-materials move into blood stream excretion-removal of wastes |
| mesintary | double membrane with blood vessell |
| mucosa | inner lining of mucous membrane - has muscularis mucosa |
| submucosa | dense irregular connective tissue with large blood and lymph vessels |
| muscularis externa: | smooth muscle inner- circular outer - longitudinal |
| serosa | serous membrane in peritoneal cavity in stomach and intestines |
| peristalsis | waves of muscular contraction that move bolus thru digestive tract |
| neural mechannisms | contraolled by paraympathetic nervous system |
| hormanl mechanisms | several hormones involved in digestion |
| how many pairs of salivary glands | 3 |
| tongue | has voluntary muscles and helps detect taste, temp and texture. has a frenulum to connect to the floor of mouth |
| amylase | initiates break down of carbs in mouth |
| lingual lipase | states breakdown of lipids |
| teeth | mastication, has bulk dentin, pulp cavity with blood vessels and verves, root covered by cementum and crown of enamel |
| types of teeth | incisors, cuspids or canins, bicuspids, molars |
| esophagus | hollow muscular tube that goes from oral cavity and connects to stomach |
| stomach is | the temp storage of food, and mechanical break down of acids, proteins and enzymes |
| gastric glands | have parietal cels to lower PH and secrete HCI |
| Chief cells | secrete pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin to digest protein |
| stomach layers | cardiac fundis body pyloris |
| Small intestine regions | duodenum jejunum ileum |
| cholecystokinin (CCK) | sends signals to gall bladder to let out bile |
| pancrease produces | pancreatic enzymes, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, nucleases |
| 3 phases | cephalic, gastric, intestinal |
| functions of the large intestine | reabsorption of water and bile salts and compaction |
| cecum | first part of large intestine has appendix |
| serious membrane | reduce friction |
| 3 main liver functions | metablolic hematological production of bile |
| glycolysis | glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid in cytoplasm, produces 2 atp molecules |
| urea is formed in our liver | |
| deanimation happens in our liver | |
| gluconeogenesis | forming new glucose |
| positive nitrogen | nitrogen absorbed |
| collagen | is in our muscells, bones |
| pyrexia | fire, heat, fever |
| radiation | heat lost |
| vitamin k | for blood clotting |
| vitamin e | stabilizes intracellular membranes |
| vitamin a | for sight and night vision |
| vitamin b12 | helps with muscles |
| vitamin c | production of collagen |
| metabolic rate | sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions |
| calorie | amount of energy needed to raise one gram |
| vitamins | divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble groups |
Created by:
Jessi78
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