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Respiratory - Lower
Study cards for upper respiratory pharmacology, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 sub-classes of COPD? What are the 3 main symptoms of COPD? | Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema and asthma. 3 main symptoms - Cough, secretion and shortness of breath |
| What are the causes of bronchial asthma? What would you listen for during assessment? | Allergy to animal dander, dust mites, food, drugs, temp changes, perfume, smoke. Upon assessment, wheezing on asculatation, cough and elevated eosinophils. |
| What is bronchiectasis? What are the causes? | Abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection and inflammation. Causes are frequent infection and inflammation. |
| What are bronchodilators? What are bronchospasms? | Drugs used to primarily treat COPD, particularly asthma. Constricted bronchioles. |
| What is chronic bronchitis? What are the causes of chronic bronchitis? | Progressive lung disease evidenced by airway obstruction from inflammation and excessive mucus secretion. Smoking and chronic infections. |
| What would you listen for on ascultation? What are the dangers? | rhonchi - inspiratory and expiratory with productive cough. Dangers - respiratory acidosis due to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. |
| What is emphysema? What are the causes of emphysema? | Loss in the fiber and elastin network in the alveoli. Causes - smoking, contaminants, lack of proteins that prevent enzymes from destroying alveoli, resulting in trapped air in over-expanded alveoli and inadequate O2-CO2 gas exchange. |
| What is a mucolytic? | Acts like a detergent to liquefy and loosen thick mucous secretions so they can be expectorated. |
| What is Restricted Lung Disease caused by? | Decreased lung capacity due to fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung. Causes - pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, lung tumors, thoracic deformities, thoracic muscle wall disorders (myasthenia gravis). |
| What is ventilation? What is respiration? | Ventilation - movement of air from the atmosphere through the lower and upper airways to the alveoli. Respiration - process by which gas exchange occurs at the alveolar-capillary membrane. |
| What are the 3 phases of respiration? | Ventilation, Perfusion and Diffusion |
| What is the difference between COPD and Restrictive Pulmonary Disease? | COPD is caused by an airway obstruction w/ increased airway resistance of airflow to lungs. RPD is caused by decreased lung capacity due to fluid accumulation or loss os elasticity in the lung. |
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