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bio vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| kinetic energy | energy that is actually doing work; energy in motion;moving matter preforms work by transferring its motion to other matter |
| conservation of energy | principle that energy can neither be breated nor destroyed |
| heat | the amouint of energy associated wth the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter;energy in its most random form |
| entropy | mesure of disorder;one form of disorder is heat |
| chemical energy | energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules;a form of potential energy |
| calorie | amount of energy that rases the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree celcius |
| kilocalorie | 1000 calories |
| ATP | adenosine triphophoate;main energy source for cells |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| energy coupling | in cellular metabolism the use of energu released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction |
| exergonic reaction | chemical reaction that results in a net realse of energy |
| enorgonic reaction | chemical reaction that results in a net absorption of energy |
| metabolism | sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur organisms |
| activation energy | amount of energy reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start |
| substrate | a specific substance (reactant)on which on enzyme acts |
| active site | part of an enzyme where a susbstrate attaches;typically a pocket or groove on the enzyme's surface |
| induced fit | interaction betwen a substrateand the actve ste of an enzyme the enzyme changes shape slightly to cataluse the reaction |
| feedback regulation | a method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabollic pathway acts as an inhibitor on an enzyme whitin that pathway |
| transport protein | a membrane protein that helps move substance across the cell membrane |
| diffusion | spontaneous movement of substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| diffusion | spontaneous movement of substance from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| passive transport | the diffusion of substances from areas oh high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| faciltated diffusion | passage of substances across a biological membrane down its concentration gradient aided by specific transport proteins |
| osmosis | passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| hypertonic | in comparison of two solutions referring to the solution with the lower concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | in comparison two solutes refering to the solution with the lower concentration of solutes |
| isotonic | having the same solute concentration as another solution |
| osmoregulation | the control of the grain or loss of water and dissolved solutes in an organism |
| plasmolysis | shrinking of a cell due to water loss; occurs when cells are placed in a HYPERTONIC enviroment |
| cytolysis | bursting of a cell;for animal cells may occur when placed in a HYPOTONIC enviroment |
| active transport | movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient |
| exocytosis | movement of material into the cytoplasm via membrane or vesicles |
| endocytosis | movement of material into the cytoplasm of a cell via membranes or vesicles |
| pinocytosis | type of endocutosis where the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small vesicles |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis | movement of specific molecules into cells by the inward budding of membranous vesicles; the membrane contains proteins with receptors sites specific to the molecules being taken in |
| signal transduction pathway | series of molecular changes that converts a signal on a target's cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell |
Created by:
maskedinscarlett
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