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Dyck Lecture 14/15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The G.I. Track "sees" what three things? | Food, infectious agents, potential toxic substances. |
| The G.I. expels noxious substances through: | Vomit & Diarrhea |
| Example of T cells localized to intestinal mucosa: | Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes |
| The G.I. Track (Hint: MESSCR) | Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum. |
| Four Basic Processes: | Motility, Digestion, Absorption, Secretion |
| The large surface area (200-400 square meters) is due to: | Villi/Microvilli |
| Cephalic Phase of Digestion is located in: | The mouth |
| Salivary Secretion provides 2 things: | 1. Softens and lubricates food 2. Provides Enzymes |
| 2 enzymes in the mouth are: | amylase and lipase |
| Chewing is called: | Mastication |
| Taste Buds are called ________, and along with receptors located in the ________ stimulate the ____________ | Papillae, nasal cavity, salivary glands |
| 2 Types of Motility are: | Peristalsis and Segmentation |
| Peristalsis occurs in the _________ and in _______ direction. | Esophagus, one-way |
| Segmentation occurs in the ________ and occurs in _________ direction. | Small Intestine, both direction (allowing more mixing) |
| Gastric Phase occurs in ______ and food is converted into _______ | stomach, chyme |
| Hydrocholric acid does 4 things: | 1. Helps make chyme 2. Kills microorganisms 3. Activates enzymes like pepsin 4. Aids protein breakdown |
| The Stomach Digests ________ and _________, but not _________. | Protein, Fat, Carbs |
| The physical barrier between lumen and epithellum: | Mucous |
| Buffers gastric acid to prevent damage to epithellum | Bicarbonate |
| Activates Pepsin to kill bacteria | Gastric Acid (HCL) |
| Complexes with B12 to permit absorption | Intrinstic Factor |
| Stimulates gastric acid secretion | Histamine |
| Digests protiens | Pepsin |
| Digests fats | Gastric Lipase |
| Inhibits gastric acid secretion | Somatostatin |
| Stimulates Gastric Acid | Gastrin |
| The stomach doesn't digest itself because: | Pepsin isn't activated until it is released into the lumen of the stomach, the mucous barrier protects the stomach. |
| The three parts of the small intestine is: | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| Stores bile produced by the liver: | Gall bladder |
| CCK (cholecstokinin) is released from the __________ when_____ is sensed which stimulates the contraction of the ___________ | Duodenum, fat, gallbladder |
| GO LOOK AT PAGE 13, 17 | |
| An inflamed or diseased pancreas releases what enzyme into the blood | Amylase |
| Digests starchs, and glycogen(carbs) | Amylase |
| Lactose Intolerance is caused by the lacking of: | Lactase |
| When Lactose passes into the colon: | 1. water is drawn to colon: diarrhea 2. Lactose is degraded by bacteria: hydrogen and methane gas |
| Lactose Intolerance is common in: | African and Oriental Origins |
| What is in a good sports drink? | Glucose (6-8%) and Sodium (water follows sodium in absorption) |
| Why is glucose better then fructose for sports drinks? | Glucose is absorbed through active transport, while Fructose throguh facilitated diffusion (GLUT5***) |
| Bile salts attach for fat droplets, the outside becomes: | Polar |
| Lipase breaks down ______ into _______ and further into ________ | fat, monoglycerides, micelles |
| Fat is absorbed as: | fatty acids and monoglycerides |
| Adding Fructose to sports drinks allows the body to... | Use up more of the carbs provided by the energy drink, rather then breaking down carbohydrates (mobilize more energy) |
| Why would proteins get absorbed into the hepatic portal vein (not normal) | food allergy, intestinal damage, infection and irritants |
| Amino Acids get broken down in the: | Liver |
| Amino acid absorption is a __________ process | Saturable |
| The process of making oil and fat mix | Emulsifying |
| Amphipathic | Hydro and lipolilic |
| Lipoproteins travel through the _________ to the ________ where reenters circulatory system via _______ | lymphatic system, heart, thoracic duct |
| Long Reflex: | involves CNS, outside digestive system |
| Short reflex: | Enteric system (little brain), and independant of CNS |
| Little Brain: | Enteric Nervous System |
| Digestion is stimulated by _______ and inhibited by __________ | PNS, SNS |
| PG 28!! | |
| Hedonic | |
| Homeostatic | |
| Gastric Bypass | |
| Hormone Changes with Gastric bypass: | increase in PYY, decrease ghrelin levels |
| Gut Microflora: | Assist in digestion, immune function, sythesis of folate B12, and K, IMPORTANT TO BALANCE |
| Too much gut flora leads to: | Obesity because more calories are absorbed |
Created by:
year1
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