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McFadden Ch.3
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the smallest unit that can perform all life processes and covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm | cell |
| a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface | cell membrane |
| one of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function | organelle |
| a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction | nucleus |
| an organism that consists of a single cell that doesn't have a nucleus | prokaryote |
| an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane | eukaryote |
| a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell | cell wall |
| cell organelle composed of RNA and protein | ribosome |
| a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids | endoplasmic reticulum |
| the cell organelle that's surrounded b two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration | mitochondrion |
| cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell | golgi complex |
| a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell | vesicle |
| a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes | lysosome |
| a group of similar cells that perform a common function | tissue |
| a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body | organ |
| a group of organs that work together to perform body functions | organ system |
| a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independtly | organism |
| the arrangment of parts in an organism | structure |
| the special, normal, or proper activity of an organism | function |
| what limits most cells to a very small size? | surface area-to-volume ratio of the cell |
| What are the three parts of the cell theory? | all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of all living thing, and all cells come from other cells |
| What kind of cells have cell walls? | plants, fungi, some bacteria |
| What are the two basic kinds of cells | prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
| What are the three types of archaebacteria? | heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making |
| What does a eukaryote have that a prokaryote doesn't have? | cells with a nucleus |
| How do eukaryotes compare in size to prokaryotes? | eukaryotes are about 10 times larger |
| what does "multicellular" mean | many cells |
| what are the three types of compounds contained in the cell membrane? | proteins, lipids, and phospholipids |
| a web of proteins in the cytoplasm is known as | cytoskeleton |
| what two substances control the movement of materials into and out of the cell? | proteins and lipids |
| what are the two functions of the cytoskeleton? | keeps the cell's membranes from collapsing and helps some cells move |
| what is the nucleolus? | a dark area of the nucleus that stores materials and makes ribosomes |
| What are the two forms of endoplasmic reticulum? | rough ER and smooth ER |
| Why are chloroplasts green? | they conatin chlorophyll |
| What are three benefits of being multicellular? | larger size, longer life, and specialization |
| What are the four basic types of tissues in animals? | nerve, muscle, connective, and protective tissue |
| What are the three basic types of tissues in plants? | transport, protective, and ground tissue |
| What is the term for any organism with only one cell? | unicellular |
| What is the lowest level of organization? | cells |
| What is the highest level of organization | organ systems |
| What are examples of plant organs? | leaves, roots, and stems |
| What are the million of tiny air sacs in the lungs? | alveoli |
Created by:
cmcfadden
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