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HCC Bio101 Topic 11

Bioenergetics (Fall 2011) Berlyn

QuestionAnswer
what is energy? The ability to do work or to bring about a change
What is the first law of thermodynamics? Energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed
What is the second law of thermodynamics? When one form of energy is converted into another form of energy, some useful energy will always be lost as useless energy (heat, entropy)
what is the source of new energy on this planet? The sun
What is photosynthesis? Green plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it to a useful form of chemical energy
What is the total of all biochemical reactions carried out by a cell called? Metabolism
What is catabolism? The break down or digestion of large molecules into their smaller sub-units. These reactions release energy and are accomplished by hydrolysis. Many of these are oxidation reactions (electrons are lost)
What is anabolism? The build up of molecules from smaller sub-units. These reactions require energy and are accomplished by dehydration synthesis. Many of these are reduction reactions (electrons are gained)
What are enzymes? Globular proteins with a tertiary structure that act as catalysts when bound to specific substrates. These proteins lower the required energy of activation for a given reaction to occur
What is the molecule acted upon by an enzyme called? Substrate
What is the active site of an enzyme? It is the region of an enzyme that bonds to the substrate.
What happens when an enzyme is denatured? It loses its effectiveness because it no longer has the same molecular shape and can no longer bond to the substrate.
What is ATP? Adenosine Triphosphate is the energy molecule of the cell.
Where is ATP produced? It is produced in the mitochondria through the conversion of food energy to useful chemical energy.
What is Oxidation? The loss of electrons or hydrogen. Coenzymes accept the liberated electrons (get reduced)
What is reduction? The gain of electrons.
What are coenzymes? Enzyme helpers that often accept or donate electrons or hydrogens. Two examples are FADH2 and NADH
Created by: premed
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