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chapter 15
quize III-biochemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glycogen is composed of glucose residues linked by what?? | α-1,4 glycosidic bonds with α-1,6 glycosidic bonds forming branch points every 10 residues |
| glycogen synthesis and degradation are catalyzed by different enzymes, making it facilitate | reciprocal control |
| glycogen synthesis and breakdown from glucose 6-phospate serves as an intermediate in: | glycolsis, gluconeogensis, and the pentose phospate pathway |
| Glycogenesis allows glucose to be stored in the.... | tissues |
| What is the function of the enzyme Phosphoglucomutase? | Converts glucose 6-phospate into glucose 1-phospate. It is a near equilibrium reaction |
| What enzyme is present in both glycogen synthesis ans glycogen degradation? | Phosphoglucomutase |
| For glycogen synthesis to occur Glucose 1-Phospate must be activated to what? | UDP-Glucose |
| What enzyme converts glucose 1-phospate into UDP-glucose? | UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorlase |
| During the formation of UDP-Glucose... | The pyrophospate is rapidly hydrolyzed by pyrophosphatase |
| What is the role of glycogen synthase? | It cleaves the ester bond between the C1 of glucose and the pyrophospate |
| After glycogen synthase finishes its cleavage what is formed? | α-1,4 glycosidic bonds with a minimum of 4 glucose residues |
| What is the reducing end of a glucose molecule? | C1 |
| C1 is ALWAYS added to a.. | Non-reducing end |
| Branches are made by what specific enzyme? | 1,4 α-glucan |
| What enzyme is defective in Anderson's disease? | 1,4 α-glucan |
| Glycogen synthesis requires a .... | Primer |
| Why is a primer necessary? | Because glycogen cannot be added to UDP-glucose to initiate glycogen synthesis |
| What is the primer of glycogen synthesis? | Glycogenin |
| Glycogenin is a.... | Protein scaffold |
| As the glycogen polymer expands, the outer edge becomes | Congested |
| As the glycogen polymer expands | It prevents access of the biosynthetic enzymes & self regulating synthesis |
| As glycogen increases.... | it exerts a NEGATIVE FEEDBACK on glycogen synthase |
| As glycogen increases what transition is favored? | a-->b transition |
| Glycogen degradation is also known as.... | Glycogenolysis |
| What is the role of glycogen phosphorlyase ? | to degrade α-1,4 glycosidic bonds to glucose 1-phospate |
| What does glycogen phosphorlyase require? | A pyridoxal phosphate group |
| Glycogen phosphorlyase always occurs where? | At the non-reducing termini of the glycogen molecule |
| This phosphorlytic cleavage step is | Reversible |
| Glycogen phospholyase can only cleave the.... | α 1,4 bonds up to 4 residues from a branch point |
| The removal of the final 4 residues requires...... | The bifunctional debranching enzyme |
| How are α 1,6 bonds cleaved? | D-glucanotransferase Amylo-α-1,6 glicosidase |
| After the debranching enzymes have done their jobs, what is the product? | Free glucose molecule and a glycogen molecule shortened by one monosaccharide |
| What is the role of the phosphoglucomutase in glycogen degradation? | converts Glucose 1-phospate into glucose 6-phospate |
| Glucose 6-phospate may enter glycolsis or gluconeogensis by what enzyme? | GLucose 6-phospatase |
| What is produced by phosphorlytic cleavage? | Glucose 1-phospate |
| When the glucose 6-phospate enters glycolsis how many ATP molecules are produced? | 3 |
| What molecule is self glycosilated? | Glycogenin |
| Glycogen phosphorlyase chips off... | glucose units |
| Phosphorylitic clevage generates.. | Glucose 1-Phospate |
| Glycogen synthesis is elevated when insulin and BSL's are. | High |
Created by:
jlw037
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