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Masses,Winds,+Fronts
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Meteorology | The study of atmospheric phenomena |
| Air pressure | Air pressure depends on the density of the air in a particular place |
| Density is affected by | As temperature increases density decreases As water vapor increases density decreases As elevation increases density decreases |
| Baramoter | measures air pressure |
| High pressure | Formation: An air mass cools over land/water. The air layer shrinks and air from the upper troposphere fills in the thinned space. This process leaves MORE air weight at the surface = HIGH Result: a sunny, cloudless day |
| Low pressure | Formation: When air mass warms over land/water. The warming causes air to expand upward. This process leaves LESS air weight at the surface Result:Clouds,possibly storms |
| Coriolis effect | Winds curve to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere |
| Winds | Both local winds and global winds are caused by unequal heating of the atmosphere Winds travel from areas of high to low pressure |
| Local winds | Day:land to water Night:Water to land |
| Doldrums | located at the equator where the winds are very calm, air is warm and rises producing a low pressure belt |
| Trade winds | from the equator to 30 degrees N/S where the equatorial winds cool and sink, winds are warm and steady |
| Horse latitudes | located at about 30 degrees N/S, winds are calm with little precipitation |
| Prevailing westerlies | located between 40 and 60 degrees latitude, caused by cool sinking air moving toward the poles, winds are usually strong |
| Polar easterlies | cold, but weak winds caused by the rising and sinking of the westerlies, the cause of many weather changes in the U.S. |
| Jet stream | a narrow belt of strong, high speed, high pressure air that flows across the Earth in a west to east direction. |
| Maritime tropical | originates near the equator, it brings warm moist air in summer. In the winter it brings rain or snow |
| Maritime polar | forms over Pacific year round and in N. Atlantic in the summer. It brings cool temps. to east and fog to west in summer, in winter heavy snow and cold |
| Continental tropical | forms over land in the Southwestern US it brings dry hot air |
| Continental polar | forms over the land in Canada and brings very cold dry air into the US |
| Fronts | form when large air masses meet that have different temperatures and humidity. |
| cold front | forms when a mass of cold air pushes under a mass of warm air.Violent storms, tornadoes. Fair, cooler, and drier air usually follows. |
| warm front | forms when a mass of warm air overrides a mass of cooler air Rain showers can accompany a warm front Hot and humid weather follows |
| occluded front | forms when a very fast moving cold air mass overtakes a slower moving warmer air mass,produces less severe weather (rain) than a warm or cold front |
| stationary front | formed when a cold air mass and a warm air mass meet and do not move This produces several days of rain |
Created by:
elarocco
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