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Masses,Winds,+Fronts

Earth Science

QuestionAnswer
Meteorology The study of atmospheric phenomena
Air pressure Air pressure depends on the density of the air in a particular place
Density is affected by As temperature increases density decreases As water vapor increases density decreases As elevation increases density decreases
Baramoter measures air pressure
High pressure Formation: An air mass cools over land/water. The air layer shrinks and air from the upper troposphere fills in the thinned space. This process leaves MORE air weight at the surface = HIGH Result: a sunny, cloudless day
Low pressure Formation: When air mass warms over land/water. The warming causes air to expand upward. This process leaves LESS air weight at the surface Result:Clouds,possibly storms
Coriolis effect Winds curve to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere
Winds Both local winds and global winds are caused by unequal heating of the atmosphere Winds travel from areas of high to low pressure
Local winds Day:land to water Night:Water to land
Doldrums located at the equator where the winds are very calm, air is warm and rises producing a low pressure belt
Trade winds from the equator to 30 degrees N/S where the equatorial winds cool and sink, winds are warm and steady
Horse latitudes located at about 30 degrees N/S, winds are calm with little precipitation
Prevailing westerlies located between 40 and 60 degrees latitude, caused by cool sinking air moving toward the poles, winds are usually strong
Polar easterlies cold, but weak winds caused by the rising and sinking of the westerlies, the cause of many weather changes in the U.S.
Jet stream a narrow belt of strong, high speed, high pressure air that flows across the Earth in a west to east direction.
Maritime tropical originates near the equator, it brings warm moist air in summer. In the winter it brings rain or snow
Maritime polar forms over Pacific year round and in N. Atlantic in the summer. It brings cool temps. to east and fog to west in summer, in winter heavy snow and cold
Continental tropical forms over land in the Southwestern US it brings dry hot air
Continental polar forms over the land in Canada and brings very cold dry air into the US
Fronts form when large air masses meet that have different temperatures and humidity.
cold front forms when a mass of cold air pushes under a mass of warm air.Violent storms, tornadoes. Fair, cooler, and drier air usually follows.
warm front forms when a mass of warm air overrides a mass of cooler air Rain showers can accompany a warm front Hot and humid weather follows
occluded front forms when a very fast moving cold air mass overtakes a slower moving warmer air mass,produces less severe weather (rain) than a warm or cold front
stationary front formed when a cold air mass and a warm air mass meet and do not move This produces several days of rain
Created by: elarocco
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