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Earth's atmosphere
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Land | lithosphere |
| Water | hydrosphere (97% salt water, 3% fresh water – 85% of the earth’s fresh water is frozen) |
| Air | atmosphere |
| Ozone layer | the umbrella for life. Absorbs the UV rays from the sun. It is located 30 km above the earth’s surface. Made up of three oxygen atoms chemically combined O3. |
| Past Atmosphere | mostly methane and ammonia; had more carbon dioxide than present day and very little oxygen |
| What allowed animal life to be possible? | early photosynthetic life such as cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) consumed the carbon dioxide and released oxygen |
| Troposphere | closest to the earth, most weather occurs here.Temperature drops 65 C each kilometer above the earth. Temp decreases w/ height. |
| Mesosphere | 100ºC, thin clouds of ice, protects Earth from meteoroids (friction). Clouds in this area are usually oddly colored or shaped. Temp increases w/ height. |
| Thermosphere | begins at 80 km, air is very thin, may reach 2000 C or more (caused by absorbing UV rays). Temp decreases w/ height. |
| Stratosphere | from the tropopause up to 50 kilometers, extremely cold around – 60 C but this is an increase compared to the layer below, Jet stream is here, ozone layer is here, also. Temp increases w/ height. |
| Ionosphere | lower part of the thermosphere, used for radio communication, made up of ions (charged atoms) |
| Exosphere | upper part of the thermosphere, artificial satellites orbit this area |
| Magnetosphere | this area extends beyond the atmosphere.Operated by the Earth’s magnetic force.Made up of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. |
| Van Allen Radiation Belts | Formed when the magnetosphere catches the protons and electrons given off by the sun, a concentrated belt of high radiation. This causes the auroras (Northern and Southern lights) Radio signals alert scientists to when this will occur. |
| Heat Energy | The Sun’s energy that is absorbed by the Earth is spread throughout the atmosphere, some is reflected back into space |
| Conduction | the direct transfer of heat energy from one substance to another (warm clothes from the dryer, rubbing hands together) |
| Convection | the transfer of heat energy in a fluid (heat) |
| Radiation | the transfer of energy by waves such as light (light) |
| The greenhouse effect | Infrared light is absorbed by carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the atmosphere and forms a blanket that traps heat around the Earth |
| Radiation can be: | 1. Reflected: Bounce off of objects to go back to space. 2. Scattered: Goes in different directions from bouncing off of objects. 3. Absorbed: Energy is absorbed into the ground or objects on the surface. |
Created by:
elarocco
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