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Vertebrate Nat Hist
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vomeronasal organ is | a chemosensory organ, flehmen response, is seperate from nose |
| stratum corneum | epidermal cells with keratin to prevent water loss |
| amnion | Extraembryonic membrane, fluid filled cavity |
| allantois | extraembryonic membrane, gas exchange and waste storage |
| chorion | protective membrane, connection to maternal blood |
| Extraembryonic memberanes | Membranes produced by the embryo NOT the mother |
| Origin of tetrapods, time | Late devonian |
| Tetrapod defining characters (4) | internal nostril, loss of dorsal and anal fins, tetrapod limbs, loss of contact between skull and pectoral girdle |
| Early tetrapod primariy aquatic, internal gills, lungs >5 toes | Acanthostega |
| Early Tetrapod, >5 toes, internal gills, lungs, robust hind legs, stronger connection between ind legs and spine, large overlapping ribs and lacked operculum, fairly terrestiral | Ichthyostega |
| How did land animals evolve in water | Land adaptations are usful in shallow aquatic habitats or to bottom dwellers, shallow water and land can be escapes from large predators |
| Not amphibians, large dermal scales, both terrestrial and quatic, most went extict in mid permian (temnospondyls and anthracosaurs, paraphyletic) | Non-amniote Tetrapods |
| Flat skulls, four fingers, mesozoic forms were large, fully aquatic or marine | Temnospondyls |
| Domed skulls, five fingered, possible sister group to amniotes, fairly terrestiral | Anthracosaurs |
| Amniotes first appeared | Early carboniferous as small insectavoirs |
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