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Science

Chapter 16- Understanding Weather

QuestionAnswer
Weather The condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place
Evaporation Process when liquid turns to vapor
Condensation Process when water vapor turns to a liquid
Precipitation Water that falls from the air to the earth in solid or liquid form
Humidity The amount of water vapor in the air
Relative Humidity The amount of water vapor compared to the MAXIMUM amount of water vapor the air can hold
Psychrometer There are two thermometers that measure relative humidity
Radar It tracks the location, movement and amount of precipitation
Air Mass A large body of air that has the same temperature and moisture throughout
Continental Polar Air Mass (cP) Forms over northern Canada & brings extremely cold winter weather to US. In summer it brings cool dry weather
Maritime Polar Air Mass (mP) 1.Forms over North Pacific Ocean & is cool and very wet to Pacific Coast 2.Forms over North Atlantic Ocean & brings cool & cloudy weather w/precipitation to New England
Maritime Tropical Air Mass (mT) They develop over warm areas in either the Pacific or Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Oceans. In the summer they bring hot & humid weather, hurricanes & thunderstorms. In winter, they bring mild, cloudy weather.
Continental Tropical Air Mass (cT) forms over desert of Northern Mexico & Southwestern US. Brings clear, dry & hot weather in the summer
Front The area where 2 types of air masses meet.
Stationary Front Forms when a cold air mass meets a warm air mass. Brings many days of cloudy, wet weather.
Cold Front Forms where cold air moves under warm air, which is less dense and pushes the warm air up. Can bring thunderstorms and heavy rain
Warm Front Forms where warm air moves over cold, dense air. Can bring drizzly rain, followed by clear weather.
Occluded Front Forms when a warm air mass is caught between two colder masses
Dew Point The temperature that the air has to cool down to before it can be saturated.
Cumulus Cloud Puffy white cloud with a flat bottom. This cloud means fair weather.
Altocumulus Cloud a puffy mid-level cloud
Stratus Cloud Forms in layers and covers large parts of the sky.
Cirrus Cloud Thin, feathery, white clouds that indicate a change in weather is coming.
Sleet Happens when rain freezes in the air
Hail Lumps of ice that fall from clouds. Updrafts of air can send the hail back up into the clouds many times-making hail stones bigger each time
Cyclone An area that has low pressure and the air rises-causes stormy weather
Anti-cyclone an area that has high pressure and the air sinks-causes dry, clear weather. Meteorologists track cyclones & anti-cyclones to predict the weather
Thunderstorm Small, intense weather systems that produce strong winds, heavy rain lightning and thunder.
Lightning an electric discharge between a positively charged and negatively charged area.
Tornadoes Destructive, rotating, column of air with very high wind, a funnel shape and it touches the ground. 75% of all tornadoes happen in the US To be safe from a tornado, go to your basement or room with no windows.
Hurricanes Powerful storm that forms over tropical oceans and has a wind speed of at least 120km/h (75 mph)
Storm Surge The part of a hurricane that causes the most damage It's a wall of water that crashes on shore
Thermometer measures air temperature
Anemometer Measures wind speed
Barometer Measures air pressure
Isobars Lines on a weather map that connect areas of equal air pressure. They show high & low pressure areas.
Created by: madenner19
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