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Microbio - Chap 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genomics | the molecular study of genomes |
| recombination | genetic information can be shared with cells of same generation |
| central dogma | DNA-DNA-RNA-protein, (replication, transcription, translation) |
| type of sugar in DNA | deoxyribose |
| 4 bases in DNA? | thymine, cytosine, guanine, adenine |
| 3 parts to semiconservative replication | DNA replicates into 2, both contain one old strand and one new strand, both are identical to mother |
| transcription begins when what binds to what? | RNA polymerase binds to promoter sequence |
| transcription ends when what reaches what? | RNA polymerase reaches terminator sequence |
| start codon? | AUG |
| translation ends at 3 nonsense codons? | UAA, UAG, UGA |
| 64 sense codons encode how many amino acids? | 20 |
| constitutive genes | expressed at a fixed rate |
| repressible, inducible, catabolite genes are | only expressed as needed |
| operon | a set of closely related genes that are regulated by a single operator and are transcribed together |
| operon has 3 parts | regulators, control region (to the left of closepin where transcription is initiated), and structural genes (right of clothespin) |
| example of inducible genes (off, must turn on) | lac operon |
| what causes lac operon to turn on? | alot of lactose |
| example of repressible operon (on, must turn off) | arg operon |
| what causes arg operon to turn off? | high levels of arginine |
| spontaneous mutation | random mutation |
| induced mutation | caused by a mutagen |
| missense | one letter change |
| nonsense | sentence stops in the middle |
| insertion | letter is added, messes up rest of sentence |
| deletion | letter is deleted, messes up rest of sentence |
| light repair | removes dimers |
| dark repair | faulty segment of dna is removed and replaced |
| silent mutation | base change, doesn't affect amino acid |
| back mutation | when a mutation changes back to normal |
| frameshift mutations | bases are inserted or deleted from dna |
| recombination (horizontal) | genes passed to cell of same generation |
| vertical gene transfer | gene passed down to offspring |
| conjugation involves | sex pili |
| transformation, what kind of DNA? who's experiment? | naked DNA, griffith's experiment |
| transduction, used by? | bacteriophage |
| 4 bacteria that do transformation | Bacillus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria |
| elementary body of Chlamydia | infectious stage |
| reticular body of CHlamydia | noninfectious stage |
Created by:
ngrable
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