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Microbio - Chap 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| metabolism | the sum of the chemical reactions in an organism |
| metabolic pathway | sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell |
| the turnover number | 1-10,000 molecules per second |
| 4 factors influencing enzyme activity | temperature, pH, substrate concentration, inhibitors |
| competitive inhibition | inhibitor sits in active site |
| noncompetitive inhibition | inhibitor sits at allosteric site and changes shape of active site |
| 2 important electron carriers | NAD+ and FAD |
| NAD+ holds how many electrons? | 1 (NADH) |
| FAD holds how many electrons? | 2 (FADH2) |
| the phosphorylation of ADP creates | ATP |
| substrate level phosphorylation | energy from transfer of phosphate to ADP creates ATP |
| oxidative phosphorylation takes place where? | electron transport chain |
| oxidative phosphorylation | energy released from transfer of one compound to another (oxidation to reduction) generates ATP |
| 3 steps of carbohydrate catabolism | glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain |
| glucose + o2 = | 6 CO2, 6 H2O, 38 ATP |
| glycolysis occurs in | cytoplasm |
| krebs cyle occurs where in euks & proks? | mitochondrial matrix, cytoplasm |
| ETC occurs where in euks & proks? | mitochondrial inner membrane, plasma membrane |
| does glycolysis require oxygen? | NO |
| gross and net ATP produced in glycolysis | 4,2 |
| net NADH produced in glycolysis | 2 |
| in glycolysis, 1 glucose turns into | 2 pyruvate + 2 H20 |
| during INTERMEDIATE step, pyruvic acid turns into | acetyl cOa |
| the krebs cycle turns how many times for each glucose? | 2, one for each pyruvate |
| how many Co2 produced in krebs cycle? | 4 |
| how many NADH produced in krebs cycle? | 6 |
| how many FADH2 produced in krebs cycle? | 2 |
| how much ATP produced in krebs cycle? | 2 |
| what is the final electron acceptor of the ETC in aerobic? | O2 |
| oxidative phophorylation is synonymous with | chemiosmosis |
| final electron acceptor of ETC in anaerobic? | NOT O2 |
| fermentation does not use which 2 respiration steps? | krebs cycle and ETC |
| purpose of fermentation | to generate NAD+ for glycolysis to occur |
| fermentation forms? | acid, gases, and alcohol by bacteria acting on pyruvic acid |
| lactic acid fermentation made by 3 organisms? | streptococci and lactobacilli and aspergillus |
| lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate turns into what? | lactate |
| acohol fermentation, pyruvate turns into what? | acetaldehyde, then ethanol |
| alcohol fermentation, made by what? | yeast |
| propionic acid made by? | Propionibacterium |
| acetone, isopropanol made by? | Clostridium |
| vinegar made by? | E.coli, Acetobacter |
| proteins (amino acids) catabolize where? (3) | pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA, krebs cycle |
| sugars catabolize where? (1) | glycolysis |
| lipids (glycerol, fatty acid) catabolize where? (1 each) | glycerol-between glyceraldehyde3phosphate, fatty acid-acetyl CoA |
| 2 bacteria that cannot metabolize on their own | Rickettsia, Chlamydia |
| 3 species of Chlamydia | trachomatis, pneumoniae, psittaci |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | urogenital infections, trachoma, conjunctivitis |
| Chlaymidia pneumoniae | bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia |
| Chlaymidia psittaci | PARROT FEVER, pneumonia |
Created by:
ngrable
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