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Science-chp. 3
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| About how many cells are in the human body? | trillions |
| Organisms are composed of how many cells? | 1 or more |
| cell | The smallest unit that can perform all of the necessary processes of life |
| when were cells discovered? | the mid-1600s |
| How were cells first discovered? | with a microscope |
| Who first discovered cells and what did he call them? | Robert Hooke discovered them with a microscope and a very thin piece of cork. He named the little boxes he saw cells which means "little rooms" in latin |
| What did Hooke think about animal cells? | Animal cells don't have cell walls like plants, so he thought they didn't have cells. |
| Who discovered protists? What were they called originally? | Anton van Leeuwenhoek. animacules, meaning"little animals", he saw them with his microscope view of pond scum. |
| What differences did Leeuwenhoek discover in different blood cells? | Oval-fish, birds, frogs. Round and flat-humans, dogs. |
| who was the 1st person to see bacteria? | Leeuwenhoek |
| Who discovered that yeasts are single celled organisms? | Leeuwenhoek |
| What did Matthias Schleiden conclude from his studies in 1838? | That all plant parts are made of cells |
| What did Theodor Schwann conclude in 1839? | That all animal tissues are made of cells |
| What are the first 2 parts of cell theory and who wrote them? | Schwann- 1-All organisms are made of one or more cells. 2-The cell is the basic unit of all living things. |
| What is the 3rd part of cell theory and who wrote it? | Virchow 3-All cells come from existing cells. |
| What is an example of one large cell that we can see without a microscope? | An egg |
| Why are most cells small? | Because the area of a cells's surface, compared to the cell's volume, limits the cell's size |
| What is the ratio of the cell's outer surface area to the cell's volume called? | surface area-to-volume ratio |
| what is the equation for surface area-to-volume ratio? | surface area over volume |
| cell membrane | the protective layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier. It controls material going in and out of the cell and protects the contents. |
| Cytoplasm | the fluid and almost all of the contents of a cell |
| Organelles | structures that perform specific functions in the cell. |
| What does DNA stand for and what is it? | Deoxyribonucleic acid. Genetic material that the parent cells pass down to new cells. |
| What happens to the nucleus and DNA in red blood cells? | RBC's are creates with DNA and a nucleus, but they lose them before entering the bloodstream. |
| What is the function of the nucleus? | In most cells it carries the DNA |
| What are the 2 basic types of cells? | 1-cells with no nucleus-Prokaryotic 2-cells with a nucleus-Eukaryotic |
| What are two types of Prokaryotes | Bacteria and Archaea |
| What organelles do bacteria have? | round DNA-no nucleus, ribosomes, they have no membrane-covered organelles. They have a cell wall. |
| What are the smallest cells known? | Bacteria |
| What are the 3 types of archaea? | heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making |
| What organelles do archaea have? | round DNA-no nucleus, unique cells walls, and cell membrane, ribosomes. |
| How are archaea and bacteria different? | their ribosomes are different and so are their cell walls. Some archaea live in extreme conditions. |
| What are the largest cells? | Eukaryotic-10 times larger than bacterial. |
| eukaryotes | organisms made of eukaryotic cells. may have one or more cells. |
| What are examples of a single-celled eukaryotes? | an amoeba, a yeast |
| What are some examples of multicellular eukaryotes? | Mushrooms, humans, animals |
| How are eukaryotes different from prokaryotes? | eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes don't!!! |
| cell wall | a rigid structure that gives support to a plant cell. |
| cell membrane | a protective barrier that encloses a cell. for cells with a cell wall, it is just inside the wall. |
| what is in the layers of the cell membrane? | lipids, proteins, and phospholipids |
| what are lipids and phospholipids? | examples are fats and cholesterol. They do not dissolve in water. |
| cytoskeleton | a web of proteins in the cytoplasm that keep the cell from collapsing. 3 types of proteins- hollow tube, other 2 are long stringy fibers |
| What does the nucleus do? | It contains the cell's DNA which contains the info on how to make a cell's proteins. Those messages are then sent out of the nucleus thru the membranes. |
| How many membranes does a nucleus have? | 2 |
| Some nucleus have a dark area. What is it called and what does it do? | Nucleolus-where a cell starts to make its ribosomes |
| ribosomes | a cell organelle that makes proteins. All cells have them. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of folded membranes that create tunnels for substances to move from one place to another in a cell. It moves proteins and helps produce lipids. |
| mitochondrion | the organelle that breaks sugar down to produce energy. It's the main power source of the cell. |
| chloroplasts | only in eukaryotic cells. organelles where photosynthesis takes place. |
| vacuoles | an organelle that stores water and other materials. |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific job. |
| organ | a structure that is made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific job. |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a body function. |
| organism | a living thing. anything that can live by itself. |
| structure | the arrangement of parts in an organism, includes the shape and the material it is made of. |
| function | the job a structure does. |
| what is the advantage of being multicellular | larger size, longer life, and cell specialization |
| What are the four levels of organization of cells are: | cell, then tissue, then organ, then organ system. |
Created by:
jtpenrose
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