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BL CH 22
Beaver Local 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| make their own food (plants and some bacteria and protists) | Autotrophs |
| Most of "these" are plants | Producers |
| the process by which plants use carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy to make glucose. (Oxygen is a byproduct) | Photosynthesis |
| Some species of bacteria can produce carbohydrates from inorganic molecules | Chemosynthesis |
| the rate that producers in an ecosystem capture energy | Gross primary productivity |
| organic material | Biomass |
| The rate at which biomass accumulates in an ecosystem | Net Primary Productivity |
| Organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms | Consumers |
| heterotrophs (“other feeders”) | Consumers |
| Example of a heterotroph | Animal |
| Consumers that eat only producers (plant eaters) | Herbivores |
| Example of an herbivore | Deer; Cow |
| Consumers that eat only other consumers (meat eaters) | Carnivores |
| Example of a carnivore | Hawks, Owls, Snakes |
| Consumers that eat both plants and animals | Omnivores |
| Example of omnivores | Humans, bears, raccoons |
| Consumers that feed on dead organisms, animal waste, or fallen leaves and branches | Detritivores |
| Example of detritivores | vultures, maggots |
| Consumers that break down dead organisms in an ecosystem (returns nutrients to soil, water, and air) | Decomposers |
| Example of decomposers | bacteria, fungi |
| breaking down food to yield energy | Cellular respiration |
| A sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism | Food Chain |
| T or F: The FOOD WEB represents ONE strand of the FOOD CHAIN | F; The food chain represents one strand of the food web |
| Shows many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem | Food Web |
| Pesticide once used to prevent mosquitoes from transmitting malaria to humans | DDT |
| Contaminated zooplankton small fish large fish eagles and ospreys | DDT |
| T or F: DDT became more concentrated as it moved up the food chain | T |
| Caused eggshell thinning in eagles and ospreys | DDT |
| T or F: Migratory birds are exposed to DDT in other countries that still use it | T |
| Refers to each step in the transfer of energy through a food chain or a food web | Trophic Levels |
| T or F: each time energy is transferred energy is GAINED and MORE energy is available to the next trophic level | F: each time energy is transferred energy is LOST and LESS energy is available to the next trophic level |
| Ecosystems usually have no more than how many trophic levels | 4-5 |
| How much total available energy at one trophic level is transferred to the next level? | 10% |
| T or F: Higher trophic levels contain less energy and can support fewer organisms | T |
| The movement of water, minerals, and elements through the environment | Biogeochemical cycles |
| What are the 4 biochemical cycles | the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles |
| T or F: Water is a non-renewable resource | F: Water is a RENEWABLE resource because it is cycled through the water cycle |
| What percent of Earth's water is saltwater? | 97% |
| What percent of Earth's water is freshwater? | 3% |
| An area of land drained by a river | Watershed |
| A process by which carbon is cycled between the atmosphere, land, water, and organisms | The Carbon Cycle |
| True or False; Carbon is present in most living things | False |
| the cycle where consumers eat producers and obtain carbon from the carbohydrates and some of the carbon is released back into the atmosphere as a byproduct of cellular respiration | Short-term cycle |
| the cycle where Carbonates (found in bones, shells, & coral) do not break down easily and calcium carbonate deposits form limestone which is one of the largest carbon sinks on Earth | Long-term cycle |
| When living organisms die, their remains still contain carbon and produce this material | Fossil Fuel |
| True or False; Over time, the remains of ancient organisms changed into coal, oil, and natural gas | true |
| True or False: When we burn fossil fuels, we release oxygen into the atmosphere | false |
| True or False; Increased levels of carbon dioxide contributes to global warming | true |
| The process by which nitrogen is cycled between the atmosphere, bacteria, and other organisms | The nitrogen Cycle |
| True or False; The atmosphere is 78% nitrogen. | True |
| Legume plants, such as soybeans and clover, have root nodules that contain this. | Nitrogen fixing Bacteria |
| True or False; All organisms need carbon to build proteins | False |
| Bacteria that breaks down wastes and dead organisms to return nitrogen to the soil are called this. | Decomposers |
| The movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. This cycle is very slow. | The Phosphorus Cycle |
| These are released into soil and water when rock erodes or when an organism dies, and are absorbed by the roots of plants. | Phosphates |
| These contain both nitrogen and phosphorus and can enter an aquatic ecosystem through runoff. | Fertilizers |
| the temperature and precipitation of an area over a long period of time | climate |
| refers to the elevation above sea level | altitude |
| are mad up of many different ecosystems and are seven different types which are; tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, desert, savanna, and tropical rainforest | biomes |
| A cold biome located across northern North America, Europe and Asia | tundra |
| A forested biome dominated by conifers (pine, fir, hemlock, and spruce) | taiga |
| Characterized by trees that lose their leaves in the Fall they have Variable temperatures and moderate precipitation | Temperate |
| Regions that are dominated by grasses and have variable temperatures | Temperate Grasslands |
| Areas that receive less than 25 cm of rainfall per year vegetation is sparse and has a waxy coating that prevents water loss | Deserts |
| Tropical or Subtropical grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs and has alternating wet and dry lands | Savannas |
| Areas near the equator that have a warm, wet climate and a year-round growing season most biodiversity in all biomes | Tropical Rain Forests |
| these cover ¾ of Earth | Aquatic Ecosystems |
| the part of the ocean that receives light | Photic Zone |
| the cold, dark depths of the ocean where sunlight doesn’t reach | Aphotic Zone |
| The area that includes the beaches, tidal pools, and waves | intertidal zone |
| the cyclic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans | tides |
| When the sun and moon are aligned, there are exceptionally strong gravitational forces, causing very high and very low tides | spring tides |
| During the moon's quarter phases the sun and moon work at right angles, causing the bulges to cancel each other. The result is a smaller difference between high and low tides. | neap tides |
| The most productive zone in the ocean Coral reefs, plankton, sea turtles, fish, squid, etc. are found in this zone | The Neritic Zone |
| Limestone ridges built by coral polyps- very diverse ecosystem | Coral Reefs |
| True or False; Coral reefs are fragile | true |
| Nutrient levels are lower in this zone so Deep sea organisms have reduced skeletons and slower metabolism | The Oceanic Zone |
| Areas that release water that is rich in minerals and can exceed 750 °C | hydrothermal vents |
| Areas where freshwater rivers and streams flow into the sea | Estuaries |
| Examples: lakes, ponds, streams, & rivers | Freshwater Zones |
| rich in organic matter and vegetation | Eutrophic |
| contains little organic matter | Oligotrophic |
| Bodies of water that flow down a gradient | rivers |
| where a river begins (usually as a mountain stream) | Headwaters |
| Tributaries that flow into larger bodies of water | streams |
Created by:
kjones0722
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