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BIO 2117 CHAP 13
HUMAN/MICROBE INTERACTIONS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NORMAL FLORA BECOMES OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN | ANTIBIOTIC OVERGROWTH(CANDIDA,C.DIFF) IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (AIDS,DRUGS) ORGAN DISEASE (CANCER, LIVER,DIABETES) |
| SURFACES (SKIN,G.I.TRACT,DISTAL URETHRA,EXTERNAL GENETALIA - NOT ORGANS OR FLUID)SPECIFIC TO A LOCATION | NORMAL FLORA |
| THE ABILITY TO ESTABLISH ITSELF IN HOST AND CAUSE DAMAGE/ features that help pathogens cause a disease | VIRULENCE FACTOR |
| STRESS, OLD AGE/EXTREME YOUTH, GENETIC DEFECTS, SURGERY/ TRANSPLANTS, CHEMOTHERAPY/ IMMUNOSUPRESSANT DRUGS, INFECTIONS | PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS |
| CAN CAUSE DISEASE IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS | TRUE PATHOGENS |
| SYPHILIS,TOXOPLASMOSIS, OTHER DISEASES (HEP B,AIDS, & CHLAMYDIA), RUBELLA, CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, HERPES | STORCH |
| SUBSTANCES THAT ARE TOXIC TO WBC'S | LEUKOCIDINS |
| RELATIONSHIP/ ONE BENEFITS WITHOUT HARMING THE OTHER | COMMENSALISM |
| MOST DIVERSE MICROORGANISMS | ORAL CAVITY |
| LARGEST POPULATION NATURAL FLORA/ MOST ANAEROBES | COLON |
| LIVES THERE SHORT PERIODS OF TIME (SKIN) | TRANSIENT NORMAL FLORA |
| LIVES THERE ALL THE TIME | RESIDENT NORMAL FLORA |
| SKIN, GI TRACT, RESPIRATORY, UROGENITAL, STORCH | PORTALS OF ENTRY |
| 4 WAYS MICROORGANISMS EVADE HOSTS IMMUNE DEFENSES | CAPSULES(ANTI-PHAGOCYTIC), LEUKOCIDINS(CHEMICALS THAT KILL WBC'S),ANTIGEN SHIFT(EVADE MEMORY),MIMICRY(HOSTLIKE) |
| MUCINASE(DIGESTS MUCOUS), KERATINASE (DIGEST KERATIN), COLLAGENASE(DIGEST COLLAGEN), HYALURONIDASE (DIGESTS HYALURONIC ACID-MAKES PATHWAY BTWN CELLS TO GET TO DEEPER TISSUE) | EXOENZYMES (RELEASED BY PATHOGEN) |
| SOURCE BOTH GRAM + & -, SECRETED BY LIVING CELLS EX. HOOPING COUGH: CILIA IN TRACHEA | EXOTOXINS |
| PROTEIN, VERY SPECIFIC FOR TARGET CELL/TOXIC | EXOTOXINS |
| SHED FROM OUTER MEMBRANE;LPS CHAINS GRAM - OUTER MEMBRANE/RELEASE USUALLY FROM DEAD CELLS/ NON-SPECIFIC (INFLAMMATION/FEVER) | ENDOTOXIN |
| DISSOLVE BLOOD CLOTS | KINASES |
| TOXIN IN BLOOD | TOXEMIA |
| TOXIC BY INGESTION | INTOXICATION |
| ORDER OF PROGRESS OF AN INFECTION: WHAT THREE THINGS HAPPEN FIRST? | HAVE A PATHOGEN, INFECTIOUS DOSE AND PORTAL OF ENTRY |
| # OF PATHOGENS THAT ENTER/INTRODUCED TO HOST EX. TB=10 CELLS/CHOLERA=BILLION CELLS | INFECTIOUS DOSE |
| HOW DO PATHOGENS ATTACH TO HOST? | BY WAY OF: SLIME LAYER, CAPSULE, FIMBRIAE(E.COLI), SCOLEX,HOOKS, SUCKERS, SPIKES(VIRUSES) |
| PERMANENT DAMAGE TO TISSUE/ORGANS RESULTING FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASE | SEQUELAE |
| NO SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS/ DORMANT STATE EX. HERPES SIMPLEX/HIV | LATENCY PERIOD |
| % OF POPULATION THAT HAS A DISEASE | PREVALENCE |
| # OF NEW CASES (COUNT ONCE) | INCIDENCE |
| PRESENT IN PREDICTABLE #'S/ ALWAYS A PARTICULAR GEOGRAPHIC PLACE | ENDEMIC |
| UNPREDICTABLE #'S/ UNPREDICTABLE TIME FRAME/IRREGULAR/RANDOM | SPORATIC |
| LARGE # OF PATIENTS IN A SPECIFIC PLACE | EPIDEMIC |
| WORLD WIDE EPIDEMIC EX. HIV, TB(1 IN 3 WORLDWIDE), MALARIA | PANDEMIC |
| STUDY OF FREQUENCY OF DISEASE, APPLY STATISTICAL ANALYSIS | EPIDEMIOLOGY |
| INFECTION AQUIRED IN HOSPITAL OR OUTPATIENT SETTING (UTI 40%, SURGICAL SITES 19%-STAPHYLOCOCCUS /STREPTOCOCCUS, RESPIRATORY 15%) | NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION |
| FOMITES(DOOR KNOBS), FOOD, H2O, BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, AIR(DROPLET NUCLEI), AEROSOLS(DUST) | INDIRECT TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE |
| MUCOUS TO MUCOUS(KISSING/SEX), DROPLETS (WITHIN 3'), VERTICAL(MOTHER TO CHILD), VECTORS (REGURGITATING /DEFECATING INTO BLOOD) | DIRECT TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE |
| MILD SIGNS & SYMPTOMS/'OFF DAY' BEFORE ONSET | PRODROMAL STAGE |
| GREATEST SYMPTOMS | HEIGHT OF INFECTION |
| SIGNS & SYMPTOMS APEX & PLATEAU | PERIOD OF INVASION |
| SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ABATE | CONVALESCENT PERIOD |
| PATHOGEN RESTRICTED TO ONE SITE EX. BOIL | LOCALIZED INFECTION |
| PATHOGEN SPREADS THROUGHOUT CIRCULATION/MANY SITES | SYSTEMATIC INFECTION |
| INITIALLY LOCALIZED,THEN CIRCUMSTANCES CAUSE TO SPREAD SYSTEMATICALLY | FOCAL INFECTION |
| SAME SITE, MORE THAN ONE MICROBE EX. SINUITIS | MIXED INFECTION |
| WHERE PATHOGENS LIVE | RESERVOIR |
| WATER, SOIL, FOOD | NON-LIVING RESERVOIR |
| NON-LIVING SURFACE THAT HARBORS PATHOGEN EX. DOOR KNOB, BED PAN, CONTAMINATED CATHETERS | FOMITE |
| INFECTION INDIGENOUS TO ANIMALS ALSO TRANSMITTABLE TO HUMANS | ZOONOSIS |
| NOT INFECTED/ A VEHICLE EX. MEDICAL PERSONNEL NOT WASHING HANDS | PASSIVE CARRIER |
| WITHOUT SYMPTOMS EX.GONORRHEA, GENITAL WARTS | ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIER |
| SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OVER, PATHOGEN RESIDES IN BODY EX. 'THYPHOID MARY', HERPES, TB | CHRONIC CARRIER |
| HUMAN OR ANIMAL CARRIER | LIVING RESERVOIR |
| PATHOGEN LIVES IN INSECT | BIOLOGICAL VECTOR |
| PASSIVE CARRIER/A VEHICLE EX. A HOUSE FLY | MECHANICAL VECTOR |
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